One of the most important problems in modern medicine is nosocomial infection. Definition: it is an infection that occurs in a medical institution.
Recently, there has been a tendency toincrease in the number of such cases. Occurs nosocomial infection as a result of the creation of large medical complexes with a large concentration of persons with impaired health. In addition, the cause of the spread of infection is an increase in the number of invasive procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic nature, as well as the use of complex equipment, the sterilization of which can be very difficult. These factors contribute to the formation of hospital strains of microorganisms that are resistant to the effects of drugs and disinfectants.
Increased incidence associated withquantitative increase in high-risk groups. These include, in particular, premature infants, people with chronic pathologies. Equally important is attached to the demographic shifts in society, as well as the reduction of resistance (resistance) of the body against the backdrop of adverse environmental conditions.
Nosocomial infection in the neonatal period(postpartum) differs from infectious diseases in other periods of life. This is mainly due to the reduced immunological resistance (resistance) of newborns, in particular, premature babies. In addition, the risk factors that accompany the hospitalization of these children contribute to an increase in the incidence.
К основным из них специалисты относят minor gestational age (the number of full weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period until the childbirth) of the child, the presence of perinatal (near the birth) pathology (which occurred in the womb, during birth or within a few hours after it) In addition, risk factors are: prolonged hospitalization period, the use of medical equipment (suction pumps, inhalers, ventilators, etc.) and instrumentation (urinary and vascular catheters, nasal cannulas, etc.). As a result of the use of antibacterial, immunosuppressive and other therapies, surgical interventions, nosocomial infection also often develops. The abstract can be a whole write only for one reason for the occurrence of infection in newborn children.
Distribution in the volume of medical institutioncontribute to defects in the ventilation system. As a rule, they are already laid in the process of building design. Instead of removing the polluted air from the wards, the intake-exhaust ventilation system allows a significant number of harmful microorganisms to move freely around the facility.
In the spread of nosocomial infectionsimportant importance is the architectural layout of buildings. The circulation of pathological microorganisms to a greater extent occurs in buildings constructed according to standard designs, providing for the location of the observational (infectious, in most cases) department of the maternity hospital on the first floor. Together with the rising warm air, the nosocomial infection rises.
Advantage of sharing afterpermission of childbirth and mother proved long ago. However, in view of the reduction in the number of births, in some obstetric hospitals, it is now practiced to combine the newborn with the mother only in a day. Thus, in these institutions provide sparing mode of the puerperal. However, in this case, one of the advantages of joint stay is undoubtedly lost. With this approach, during the first days of life, the child’s organism is not inhabited by maternal strains of microorganisms, but by nosocomial infection.
Prevention of morbidity includescarrying out a complex of disinfection measures that are aimed at eliminating opportunistic and pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms in the environment of the patient.
