Bone marrow trepanobiopsy is one of the methods for obtaining a sample of red bone marrow to determine possible blood diseases.
A few introductory words about the procedure
During this procedure there isthe ability to get a small amount of red bone marrow for histological studies. Such a fluid is capable of providing extensive information about the capabilities of the spinal cord to produce blood cells.
Данная процедура очень похожа на пункцию, однако its advantage lies in the possibility of obtaining more extensive and accurate information. The bone marrow trepanobiopsy allows you to take not only blood cells, but also a stroma.
What is bone marrow?
Красный костный мозг представляет собой довольно soft tissue in which blood cells are formed. These include leukocytes, platelets and red blood cells. This type of brain is located in the cavity of the bones themselves.
The main component of the bone marrow are stroma, which is a type of stem cells. They can both be at rest and participate in the process of formation of new structures.
Note that small children have bonythe brain is located in almost all the bones and only with age moves into the largest tubular and flat bones. As a result of aging, this organ is filled with a yellow substance that does not participate in the formation of new blood cells.
Basic indications for the procedure
Bone marrow trepanobiopsy - the procedure is not the most frequent, but still quite popular. It is carried out in such cases:
- complete blood count showed significant changes;
- the patient has a severe form of anemia that is not amenable to the usual methods of treatment;
- an excessively large amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells is noticed in the blood;
- increased or, conversely, low blood levels of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
How to diagnose diseases associated with impaired blood functions
Such a procedure as bone marrow trepanobiopsy can be prescribed if the patient has the following symptoms:
- excessive sweating, constant elevated body temperature, a global decrease or increase in weight, frequent lesions of infectious diseases, a significant increase in lymph nodes;
- before chemotherapy, as well as after the end of this procedure;
- a sharp increase or decrease in certain substances in the human body;
- the patient has diseases - histiocytosis;
- the formation of tumors in the bone marrow.
Benefits of the procedure
This technique is very informative, soas able to read a large amount of information. Before it does not need to perform a certain preparation, as it is quite simple to perform and has virtually no restrictions for holding.
Contraindications
Such a procedure as bone marrow biopsybrain, reviews of which you can read in this article, is considered absolutely safe, therefore, has no strict contraindications to perform. However, there are some lax restrictions, in the presence of which the procedure should still be abandoned:
- old age; in this case, a trepanobiopsy will not show ideal results, and the patient will have long moral torment;
- it should be borne in mind that the procedure itself will not affect the treatment, and the quality of life will not improve;
- You should not do the procedure if there is inflammation on the injection site;
- be especially careful about the presence of diseases such as diabetes and severe heart failure;
- no way to lie on your stomach.For example, with obesity or various diseases of the spine. However, in this case, the injection can be done while sitting, but only a very experienced full-time doctor is able to do it;
- the patient may himself refuse to conduct the procedure for personal reasons.
Preparation for the procedure
Гистологическое исследование «трепанобиопсия bone marrow "still requires a little preparation for the procedure. To do this, first you need to pass a general blood test and check its clotting.
Each patient should inform the doctor about allergies to certain drugs, as well as tell about the presence of known diseases. This will help to ease the pain relief procedure.
Tell us about the presence of osteoporosis, as well as previous surgical interventions.
In the morning before the procedure, doctors advise to eat a small and light breakfast.
How is bone marrow trepanobiopsy performed?
The procedure itself takes no more than half an hour.If the injection is done to a man, then if there is a large amount of hair on the prickly area, the skin is shaved. After that, the patient is given painkillers and sedatives. If desired, the patient can be given an injection under general anesthesia.
The ideal posture for the procedure - lying on your stomach or on your side. But it is not excluded the opportunity to do this and sitting. It all depends on the patient and the experience of the doctor.
Now you need to find the optimal puncture site,disinfect the skin and inject an anesthetic drug. After a few minutes, the sensitivity of the skin is checked. If everything is proceeding normally, then with the help of a special needle, with very soft rotational movements, penetrate into the cavity of the ilium.
During this procedure, a small amount of bone marrow is taken (about one to two milliliters). After that, the needle is removed and the puncture site is disinfected.
Трепанобиопсия костного мозга (зачем делают, вы You can read in this article) can be carried out not only in the clinic, but also during hospitalization. An hour later, the patient will be ready to go home. However, doctors strongly do not recommend yourself to get behind the wheel of a car. It is best to come to the hospital with a relative or friend.
Please note that after this operationDo not take a bath and wet the punctured site for at least three days. Usually the results of the procedure can be found within a few hours. But if the material will be investigated elsewhere, this period may last up to a month.
Reviews of patients and doctors about the procedure
What shows bone marrow trepanobiopsy,can be read in this article. According to patient reviews, this procedure, despite the pain medication, is quite painful, but always shows accurate results. Be sure to consider that there is a risk of infection, so unconditionally follow all the recommendations of the doctor. This is especially true of children. The procedure is safe enough, but the extra protective measures have not hurt anyone.
