Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious pathology in the organ,which causes the death of tissues and the replacement of their fibers. The result of this replacement is the emergence of nodes of different sizes, which change the structure of the liver in a fundamental way. Gradually the affected organ ceases to function properly, which can lead to its complete disability in the future. This significantly worsens the patient's quality of life and can lead to death.
In this article, we will consider how many live with cirrhosis of the liver of the 4th degree.
The main function of the liver is purificationorganism from harmful substances. In addition, it synthesizes proteins, fats and carbohydrates, produces albumins and takes part in the digestion process. The pathology of the liver is expressed in the transformation of hepatocytes (hepatic cells), which threatens the entire human body.
Description of pathology
Cirrhosis of the liver is quite common in the worlddisease. Up to 300 thousand people die from it every year, and this figure is constantly growing. People with chronic alcoholism also have a high incidence of cirrhosis, which usually occurs without severe symptoms. The men are most susceptible to cirrhosis, regardless of age (but mostly after 40 years). So, how many live with cirrhosis of the 4th degree?
Signs and Symptoms
На ранних стадиях определить цирроз довольно it is difficult, because in most cases the disease is latent. It also happens that pathology is detected when an already deceased person is autopsied. But more often all the same symptoms are manifested.
Early symptoms of cirrhosis include:
- Pain in the right hypochondrium, accruing after exercise, eating fatty foods and alcohol.
- Dryness and bitterness in the mouth, intensifying in the morning.
- Diarrhea and severe flatulence.
- Unreasonable weight loss, irritability and fatigue.
- There is jaundice in postnecrotic cirrhosis of the 4th degree. How many live alcoholics? We'll figure it out.
As the disease develops, the symptoms also increase:
- The pain develops into colic, acquires a more intense, aching character, as a rule, along with them there is a feeling of heaviness.
- Nausea and vomiting with an admixture of blood (this is caused by hemorrhagic syndrome in the esophagus and stomach).
- Itching of the skin, the cause of which is the accumulation of bile acid in the blood.
- Weight loss comes to a critical state (exhaustion). Muscles lose their tone until atrophy.
- Jaundice indicates the last stages of the disease. At the initial stage, the whites of the eyes, palms and feet turn yellow. This is due to the fact that hepatocytes stop producing bilirubin.
- Xantelasms (lipid spots) appear on the eyelids.
- Thickening of fingertips, redness of the nail hole.
- Edema of the joints.
- Extension of veins on the abdomen.
- Vascular asterisks in the upper part of the body.
- Angiomas on the nose and at the corners of the eyes.
- Swelling of the tongue, its bright color.
- Reduction of secondary sexual characteristics in men (hair loss underarms and pubis, growth of mammary glands, atrophy of genital organs).
- Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity).
- Unhealthy shade of the face, widening of the capillaries on the face, swelling of the salivary glands.
- Increased spleen.
- Insomnia, memory impairment and other signs of a nervous breakdown. These are symptoms of cirrhosis of the 4th degree before death.
Causes
The main causes of cirrhosis are:
- Most forms of hepatitis lead to the development of pathology in the liver.
- Prolonged (from 10 years) regular intake of alcohol in large quantities. It does not depend on the quality and type of alcohol, but only on the presence of ethyl alcohol that enters the body.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Extrahepatic obstruction, diseases of the biliary tract, sclerosing cholangitis.
- Portal hypertension.
- Badda-Chiari syndrome and venous congestion in the liver.
- Genetic predisposition (presence of metabolic disorders in the genus).
- Intoxication of the body (industrial poisons, aflatoxins, heavy metal salts and fungal poisons).
- Taking medications that adversely affect the liver.
There is also a kind of pathology, namely cryptogenicCirrhosis, the causes of which are still unclear. It is detected in 40 percent of cases. The risk of the disease grows when there are several reasons (for example, alcoholism and hepatitis). Regular malnutrition, syphilis, infections can also be detrimental to the liver. How many live with cirrhosis of the liver of the 4th degree, is of interest to many.
Stages of development
There are four main stages of developmentcirrhosis. Each is accompanied by its symptoms and depends on the progression of the disease. From the correctly established stage, the correctness of the therapy will depend directly.
The first degree is latent and does not actuallyshows itself. If you diagnose it during this period, then the probability of replenishing the level of hepatocytes with drugs is high. For this reason, experts call this stage compensatory.
Although there are no clinical manifestations,even in the first stage, cardinal changes occur in the liver. If there is no necessary therapy, the disease will progress, which in the future can lead to organ dysfunction as a whole. The level of bilirubin in the blood increases, the PTI drops to 60. The patient's state of health is quite satisfactory.
2 degree
The second degree is called subcompensated.It is characterized by even more severe liver dysfunction, as the number of dead hepatocytes increases. Symptoms manifest themselves stronger - apathy, weakness, nausea, decreased performance, gynecomastia in men. That is, at this stage, the pathology developing in the body becomes apparent.
The level of albumin in the second stage falls, and PTI drops to 40. But even at this stage, timely treatment can bring the patient to remission.
3 degree
The third degree is much more dangerous than the previous ones.This is due to an abnormally small number of viable hepatocytes. Symptoms are increasing, there is progress in liver failure. There is jaundice, intense pain in the abdomen, ascites develops. There is a critical decline in indicators of PTI and albumin. This stage is also called terminal. With cirrhosis of the liver 4 degrees, the photos of this disease are frightening.
The treatment of the third degree practically does not givepositive dynamics, although the probability of remission is negligible, but there is. Therapy is possible only in the hospital. Complications of cirrhosis, which can lead to death, are also dangerous. The most terrible of them are liver cancer, pneumonia, peritonitis, hepatic coma and internal bleeding.
4 degree
Grade 4 cirrhosis is the last.Tissue damage is so strong that the body cannot perform its functions. Severe pain determine the appointment of painkillers up to narcotic. Even to stop the development of the disease in the fourth stage is impossible.
Prognosis and treatment
The prognosis of cirrhosis of the liver 4 degrees can bethe most different. If treatment was started on time, then the process of developing the disease can be stopped. When forecasting it is important to take into account the patient's lifestyle, his habits and associated diseases.
If the patient is reviewing their lifestyle byrecommendations of a specialist, strictly adheres to the treatment regimen at early stages, seven-year survival and more than half of all cases. However, this applies only to the compensated form.
Survival prognosis in the second stage of cirrhosisabout five years. Hepatocytes during this period are becoming weaker, their number is decreasing and liver dysfunction is expected. How many people live with cirrhosis of the liver 4 degrees? The photo of this state is presented above.
At the fourth stage, the prognosis is even more disappointing - only 40 percent of patients live for three years. This is due to complications incompatible with life.
Is a complete cure possible?
Patients are most often interested in the question of completecure of cirrhosis. The answer, unfortunately, is no, because modern medicine does not possess such technologies. From radical methods - transplantation of a donor organ. But this option is not suitable for everyone who is ill, and transplantation is far from cheap.
Отчаиваться, однако, не стоит, ведь на ранних Stages can stop the development of cirrhosis in a medical way. In the later stages, doctors sometimes have to slow down the progress of the disease and prolong the life of the patient. Thus, the only thing that medicine can offer today is the containment and control of the disease.
Therapy is prescribed individually forevery case. In the early stages, doctors are trying to get rid of the root cause that led to cirrhosis (hepatitis, alcohol dependence, medication, oppressive liver function, etc.).
We understood how many people live with cirrhosis of the 4th degree.
