To accurately establish a disease likeGiardiasis, the only reliable method is used - analysis on Giardia. How to take it? In this case, laboratory diagnostics comes to the rescue, which makes it possible to reliably detect the presence of this disease, since there are no specific signs of this pathology. Only properly conducted tests can give an accurate result. Consider this process in more detail.
What are Giardia?
These are the simplest single-cell microorganisms,living in the digestive tract of the human body. Transmission of this pathogen is carried out by the fecal-oral route. The shell (cysts) of it is very resistant to external influences, so the intestinal lamblia is quite viable in the environment. Since the infection of a healthy person is carried out from the carrier of the pathogen, the cyst is often detected in the feces. 500 million people fall ill with this disease every year, of whom 200 million are newly diagnosed patients.
How is giardiasis manifested?
This disease is often asymptomatic.The infected person does not bother, and the clinical signs do not appear in any way. The affected intestine may be disturbed by abdominal pains, loose stools, rumbling and flatulence. On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, this disease is manifested by poorly treatable dermatitis, eczema, and urticaria. More rarely giardiasis affects the gallbladder. Most often, a person is worried about pain in the area of the right ribs, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, etc. The intestinal Giardia affects the child more often. This is explained by the fact that children rarely follow the rules of personal hygiene.
Diagnosis of Giardiasis
Diagnosed this disease is quite difficult.Thanks to laboratory methods, it is possible to detect directly the pathogen itself, its DNA, antigen and antibodies, which begin to circulate in the blood in response to penetration of the microorganism into the human body. Analysis on lamblia: how to pass and what is taken in this case? For this purpose, feces, blood and bile are examined. Each diagnostic method has its own strengths and weaknesses. For the result to be the most informative, it is necessary to properly prepare for the delivery of biological material.
Fecal examination
This is the most common and easily accessible.diagnostic option. Analysis on Giardia how to pass? For this, in the morning the biological material is collected in a container or other clean container. The sample is taken from different places of faeces, and it must be taken as soon as possible to the hospital. If cysts are detected in the feces, the diagnosis of giardiasis is confirmed. Live lamblia in biological material can be detected only if no more than 20 minutes have passed since its collection.
Three grams are required for analysis.feces, and best of all if it is liquid. If the collection of feces was carried out more than four hours ago, the effectiveness of the study is significantly reduced. If there is no way to deliver the sample quickly to the hospital, then you can use a container with a special preservative, which is taken in advance in the laboratory.
The analysis of feces on lamblia is not in all cases.is reliable. This is explained by the fact that parasites that have entered the intestine intensively develop only after 2 weeks, therefore during this time it is not possible to detect them. The accuracy of this analysis is only 50-70%. For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to take feces four times with intervals between analyzes of three days.
Enterotest
This is a new diagnostic method that becomesincreasingly popular. His conduct is that a person swallows a gelatin capsule containing a nylon thread. Once in the intestine, the capsule begins to dissolve. Giardia stick to this thread, which leaves the body with the feces after 2 hours, and it is subjected to research.
Blood test for Giardia
With the help of such an immunological diagnosisIdentified specific antibodies in the blood that help fight various microbes. Such antibodies are special proteins that destroy harmful viruses and bacteria in the human body, they are abbreviated to lg. In the blood of a person infected with Giardia, lgM antibodies begin to appear, which after a while are replaced by lgG antibodies. If the blood test showed the presence of lgM, then this indicates that the pathological process takes place in the acute phase. IgG antibodies indicate a chronic process.
Blood test for Giardia is taken in the morning on an empty stomach.10 hours before that, nothing can be eaten, it is also not recommended to drink tea, coffee, juice, alcohol. Blood is taken from a vein. If the patient takes the means to suppress the function of the immune system, then he must necessarily inform the laboratory technician and the physician
This immunological diagnosis can not be calledquite effective, as antibodies to lamblii completely disappear from the blood after 2-6 months. In addition, class M and G immunoglobulins are able to appear in response to the ingestion of other bacteria and parasites.
Giardiasis in children
This disease is very common among children,as they like to gnaw nails or caps of pens that are infected with Giardia. Also, this pathogen is often found in children because of an insufficiently developed protective mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract. Giardia, penetrating the small intestine, violate the integrity of its mucous membrane, resulting in inflammation. All this is accompanied by cramps, indigestion, poor absorption of vitamins and nutrients.
Disease in young children begins asacute intestinal infection, accompanied by a slight rise in temperature, diarrhea, vomiting. Chronic infection manifests itself as follows: bloating and rumbling, thick coating of the tongue, pale skin, alternating constipation and diarrhea. There is increased fatigue, nervous irritability, irritability.
If parents notice these symptoms, thenIt is necessary to show the child to the doctor who will prescribe the appropriate examination. The analysis of lamblia in a child is the study of his feces on the subject of the pathogen cysts, but this method is not 100% informative, because microorganisms can not always be detected. A more expensive test is the ELISA method, when antibodies to the pathogen are detected in the venous blood, but they can be detected only three weeks after infection. To make the analysis on lamblia in a child more efficient, experts recommend combining several diagnostic methods.
Where is the test for the pathogen?
Лабораторное исследование представляет собой fairly accurate method of medical diagnosis. Analyzes of feces, urine, blood and skin scrapings allow not only to determine the general health of the patient, but also to identify the pathological condition of various organs.
Where to pass the analysis on Giardia? This can be done in laboratories and private clinics, as well as in municipal clinics. At the same time, the patient can choose which study is best for him.
Conclusion
Thus, if the doctor prescribed an analysis onGiardia, how to pass it, he also needs to explain, because in some cases, this requires special training. To identify the full picture of the disease, the doctor may prescribe a comprehensive diagnosis. Do not neglect this, because timely treatment promotes healing without the occurrence of complications.
