There are many different bacteria in the intestines.Some are considered useful, while others are harmful. E. coli belongs to the second group. When its norm in the body is exceeded, then health problems appear. About the causes and treatment of a person described in the article.
What it is?
E. coli is called bacteria thatenter the genus Escherichia family Enterobacteriaceae. These microorganisms have high resistance, they can live in water, soil, feces for long months. A group of diseases that are associated with Escherichia coli and are caused by pathogenic bacteria strains are called escherichiosis. Because of them, there are problems in the digestive system and the genitourinary system. Bacteria are able to multiply rapidly in foods, especially milk, so the use of contaminated and contaminated dishes with a stick leads to the development of an infectious-inflammatory disease.
Classes
E. coli are divided into opportunistic and pathogenic. Scientists have identified over a hundred pathogenic strains of bacteria, which are divided into classes. They can be:
- entero-invasive;
- enterotoxigenic;
- enteropathogenic;
- enterohemorrhagic.
These microorganisms lead to the developmentcolibacillosis - diseases of the infectious species, which are usually observed in children and women. There is E. coli in the urine, stomach. If there is no timely treatment, then complications are likely.
Why enters the body?
The wand is able to exist and multiply attemperature of 37 degrees. It feeds in the intestine with mineral components and amino acid breakdown products. Staying viable, the wand penetrates ponds, soil, and food.
The genus Escherichia is a member of the enterobacteria family.Many types of microorganisms are beneficial to us. Some strains are pathogenic - provoke food poisoning, urinary infections. During complex immunodeficiency states, when the bacillus is spread throughout the body, meningitis, sepsis may appear. If E. coli appears, the reasons are simple. The main factor of infection is considered to be non-compliance with hygiene.
There are 2 ways of transmission:
- Water. The infection is able to enter the body due to the use of boiled or substandard water.
- Alimentary. The infection is transmitted through contaminated food, which leads to food poisoning.
Orally, Escherichia penetrates the intestinal tract for the following reasons:
- dirty hands;
- dirt on vegetables and fruits;
- insufficient heat treatment of meat;
- raw water contamination;
- drinking raw milk.
Contact-household method occurs infrequently.It is usually observed during an outbreak of colibacillosis in a separate room. A dangerous route of infection with a stick is considered to be the transmission of infection during delivery from mother to child.
How is it manifested?
What are the symptoms of E. coli?They appear in different ways, so all classes must be considered separately. The condition of an infected person depends on the group of E. coli and its reproduction rate. But in general, the pain manifests itself in the form of:
- disorders of the digestive process;
- vomiting and nausea;
- manifestations of flatulence;
- weakness;
- drowsiness;
- loss of appetite;
- temperature increases;
- pressure drop.
This is the presence of E. coli in adults and children. Symptoms may be several, or only one.
Symptoms by type of bacteria
Esherikhiosis, which appeared from entero-invasive sticks, leads to the defeat of the large intestine. The disease manifests itself with such symptoms:
- weakness;
- headache;
- chills;
- high fever.
A few hours later, a crampinglower abdominal pain. There is diarrhea, watery and profuse stools. With the defeat of the colon occurs colitis. This type of disease has a benign treatment. Temperature and stools normal after 1-3 days.
Infection caused by enteropathic sticks in adults and children from 3 years of age proceeds in the same way as salmonellosis. The onset of the disease is characterized by:
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- pain in the abdomen;
- fever.
The chair will be liquid, watery, plentiful. A person visits the toilet 2-6 times a day. The infection develops 3-6 days, and then comes recovery.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli countdangerous due to the fact that they can join the intestinal mucosa, which leads to disruption of its work. Infection can be transmitted through dirty hands or fruit. Appears with it:
- watery diarrhea;
- nausea;
- paroxysmal abdominal pain.
The symptoms of enterohemorrhagic infection include:
- necrosis;
- the presence of blood clots in the feces;
- peritonitis;
- diarrhea
E. coli in a child has a more severe course, especially with the defeat of newborns or children with low body mass. Therefore, it is important to take timely measures to eliminate this disease.
Complications
With some kinds of sticks, the appearance is likely:
- poisoning;
- colibacillosis;
- intestinal dysbiosis;
- colpitis;
- prostatitis;
- inflammation of the genitourinary system, cystitis;
- meningitis in newborns.
Sometimes due to inflammation, the appearance is likely:
- peritonitis;
- pneumonia;
- sepsis;
- mastitis
E. coli is dangerous in a woman's vagina,because it can lead to inflammation of the genitals. First, vulvovaginitis or colpitis occurs. If you do not get rid of the pathogen in a timely manner, the infection proceeds to the fallopian tubes and the uterus. Endometritis appears. When bacteria move through the body, they penetrate into the abdominal cavity, peritonitis develops. Disease from E. coli in the urine or stomach can manifest itself in different ways and can lead to many complications. And timely treatment will eliminate the disease.
Due to non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene andduring intercourse E. coli can penetrate the vagina. In the future, this leads to inflammation of the urinary organs - cystitis, pyelonephritis. But E. coli in a smear does not always indicate the presence of the disease. The presence of small amounts of bacteria can mean that the necessary hygienic measures were not taken before the analysis. But if during the analysis of urine no less than 102-104 coliform bacilli were detected in the presence of signs of the disease, then inflammation in the kidneys or the bladder is likely to occur.
Diagnostics
This event is carried out bybacteriological examination. Often with the presence of sticks in research material, which is considered the main part of the intestinal microflora, it is not easy to isolate a pure bacterial culture. If there is inflammation in the body, urgent treatment is required.
The analysis is carried out on:
- fecal and emetic masses;
- blood;
- urine;
- pus;
- smears and scrapings.
How to treat?
Treatment of E. coli should be comprehensive. It consists of the following points:
- Antibiotics.Such therapy is the basis of the treatment of E. coli. Drugs are prescribed after establishing the sensitivity of microorganisms to them. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group are usually required: Cefelim, Cefalexin, Levofloxacin. Funds must be taken in courses of 5-10 days.
- Bacteriophages.These drugs kill bacteria gently and safely compared to antibiotics, but they are not always effective. Of bacteriophages are allocated "Sexttag", "Intesti-bacteriophage."
- PainkillersFor severe abdominal pain, pain relievers are prescribed, for example, No-shpa, Took, Spasmalin, Nurofen. But they should not be taken for a long time.
- Probiotics. The most popular include "Linex", "Bifidumbakterin." The preparations restore the normal balance of pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms in the intestine.
What is required for escherichiosis?
Treatment of colibacillosis is performed in a hospital:
- In milder forms of infection do not need antibacterial agents.
- If the form of the infection is moderate, then fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as Norfloxacin, are needed.
- Severe forms are eliminated by cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones with aminoglycosides.
Before taking any medicinalpreparations, it is necessary to consult with a specialist. You also need to read the instructions for treatment rules. Compliance with the recommendations will allow for a short time to restore health.
Principles of treatment
In addition to taking antibiotics, the patient mustfollow other treatment rules. For diarrhea or vomiting, rehydration solutions are required. With them the lost liquid and salt is filled. After each bowel movement and vomiting, 300-600 ml of rehydration solution should be drunk. To prepare it, apply pharmaceutical powder "Trisol", "Regidron" or "Glukosolan".
To provide quality treatment of diseases caused by E. coli, it is desirable to take chelators:
- Polysorb.
- "Enterosgel".
- "Polyphepan".
- "Smekta".
- "Filtrum"
It is important to stick to the diet menu.Eliminate E. coli will work in compliance with a special diet. In the diet should be porridge, boiled in water, mucous soups, boiled vegetables, lean meat and fish, which are steamed. You can not eat smoked foods, fatty, fried foods, canned food, milk, fresh fruit, spices.
In infants
Часто появляется кишечная палочка у грудничков.The main mode of transmission is considered fecal-oral. Hemolyzing stick penetrates with mother's milk or during childbirth. E. coli reproduces for various reasons, but it is usually associated with a decrease in the immune defense of the child. Carriers may be the hands of children, as they often pull them into their mouths.
It is necessary to consult a doctor when the firstsigns of intestinal problems. Self-medication can be harmful. Only a specialist can determine the infection and choose a treatment. Infants can be treated at home or in hospital. Often appointed by special means, for example, "Smekta". It is a mild sorbent that removes the infection. Toxic components are quickly and naturally eliminated from the child’s body.
Babies should not be given antibiotics.Many drugs can get rid of diarrhea, but can not eliminate the infection. A "Smekta" creates a protective shell that can protect against bacteria and germs. The powder is dissolved in water. It should be given in a bottle, dissolving 1 bag. The treatment lasts 3 days. During this period, the symptoms usually disappear. But if it did not help, then another treatment is needed.
If a child is prescribed other medicines, then"Smektu" should be given only after 2 hours. If the doctor recommends inpatient treatment, it is better to choose it, because the infection in an infant is a dangerous phenomenon. Due to diarrhea and vomiting, the children's body weakens.
In the hospital for the child will be constant supervision.They collect tests to identify the pathogen. Since the results are not immediately available, and help is needed urgently, a child can be placed under a drip with glucose. This is required to restore fluid levels and lower temperatures. Even in hospitals, infants are provided with antiemetic and antipyretic drugs. After a day, analyzes will be ready to determine further treatment.
Prevention
The destruction of E. coli occurs duringcooking, baking, pasteurization. This rule is valid provided that the temperature is not less than 70 degrees, and the duration - from 2 minutes. Compared with other bacteria, Escherichia coli is more resistant to cold, acidic conditions, drying, and increased salt concentration.
Prevention to protect against diseases caused by E. coli is as follows:
- It is important to observe personal hygiene. To do this, you must thoroughly wash your hands and face after the street and crowded places. It is important to pay attention to intimate hygiene.
- It is necessary to wash raw foods and bring milk and meat to the required condition.
- It is necessary to drink only high-quality water.
- Disposable clothing should be used in the hospital.
- It is necessary to control the hygiene and health of pets.
- It should regularly clean the living space with the help of high-quality, but not aggressive means.
- It is important to take care when eating in catering establishments and during the holidays.
The result
Thus, E. coli is a dangerous problem, both in adults and in children. It is important to identify the cause and start treatment in a timely manner. This will prevent complications.
