During pregnancy, the female body beginsrebuild. Therefore, during this period it is so important to keep under control the state of both the woman and the fetus. According to medical statistics, a rather large number of pregnant women have impaired blood flow. The extra circle of blood circulation that has arisen in the body requires constant monitoring by specialists. Its violation can lead to the death of the fetus, and it can happen at any time during pregnancy. Let's try to figure out why the blood flow is broken during pregnancy.
A bit of theory
Everybody knows that the placenta islink between the body of a woman and the fetus. In this complex system, there are two types of blood circulation - placental and fetal. Any violation of one of them can lead to quite sad consequences, including the development of various diseases. The severity of the problem is assessed only by the doctor.
In this case, the woman is in the 30th week.pregnancy, must necessarily go through a special ultrasound diagnosis, in which the vessels of the placenta are clearly visible in the three-dimensional image. If there is any violation, the doctor will definitely see it, as there is a change in the spatial ratio of uterine and fetal-placental circulation. This is a very dangerous condition of the body, as the respiratory function is inhibited, and the development of the fetus stops.
Extent of violation
Medicine identifies three severity of thispathology. The easiest is the first degree, when insufficient blood circulation has not yet reached its critical values. In this case, the hemodynamics of the fetus is in a satisfactory condition. There is a violation of the uteroplacental blood flow 1 A degree and insufficient fetal-placental blood circulation 1 B degree.
The second degree is characterized by deteriorationblood supply to the fetus. In 50% of cases, a decrease in the maximum rate of blood flow through all the valves of the heart is observed, and this is observed in the fetus and uterine arteries.
Quite often in a short timesecond degree goes to third. In this case, the blood flow practically ceases to flow to the fetus, which can cause its hypoxia. The probability of a decrease in the diastolic blood flow in the aorta is great, and in some cases it may disappear completely.
Causes
If there was a violation of blood flow 1 degreegestational causes may be different. Numerous adverse factors can affect the placenta not only during its formation, but also in later periods. Medical practice distinguishes primary and secondary circulatory failure, which interferes with the functioning of the placenta, which acts as a transport, protective, immune, exchange and endocrine organ.
Thus, impaired blood flow 1 A degree during pregnancy may occur for the following reasons:
- uterine tumor;
- genetic defects;
- the effects of abortion;
- infectious diseases;
- hypertonic disease;
- adrenal and thyroid diseases;
- structural anomalies;
- hormonal dysfunctions;
- late toxicosis;
- thrombosis, atherosclerosis;
- diabetes.
If this pathology is not eliminated in time, thenafter 6 weeks, a minor impairment of blood flow is able to pass into the third stage. When a problem is detected at the 30th week, the doctor still has enough time to take appropriate measures to restore normal blood circulation.
Symptoms
Any pathology is characterized by its clinicalpicture, so that the doctor can make the appropriate conclusion. The lack of hemodynamics leads to a change in the functioning of the placenta, because of which the fetus begins to suffer. The necessary nutrients and oxygen begin to flow to it in a limited amount, and the excretion of metabolic products slows down. Signs of fetal hypoxia begin to appear, with the result that its prenatal development stops.
Thus, if a blood flow disorder occurs during pregnancy, the symptoms of this condition manifest as follows:
- cardiopalmus;
- decrease or increase in motor activity of the fetus;
- discrepancy between the volume of the abdomen specific gestational age.
Such symptoms usually occur whendecompensated form of placental insufficiency. If a violation of uterine blood flow during pregnancy is 1 A or 1 B degree, then these symptoms do not yet manifest, since hemodynamics is compensated. It is usually detected in diagnostic studies.
Diagnostics
To identify a violation of blood flow 1 A degree atpregnancy, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations, which determine the type and extent of the changes that have occurred, and also determine the condition of the fetus. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following procedures:
- blood test for hormones such as estrogens, human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone;
- cardiotocography;
- ultrasonography;
- doplerometry.
In some cases, the doctor already during the examinationable to identify the occurrence of the violation, focusing on the heart rate of the child, which are calculated during auscultation. But the most reliable results are usually obtained after laboratory and instrumental studies.
Treatment
Impaired uteroplacental blood flow anydegree to be treated. Basically therapeutic measures are aimed at ensuring that pathology does not progress further. Hemodynamics is normalized only if there is a violation of blood flow 1 B degree.
During pregnancy, with disabilities,Various means are used to improve the condition of the fetus. Conservative treatment methods are mainly used. Surgical intervention is possible only in case of complications and for vital indications. With the normalization of blood flow disorders, a complex of measures is used - pathogenetic, etiotropic and symptomatic treatment.
Medication
The most common violation of blood flow 1 A degreepregnancy is adjusted with medications. When revealing the initial signs of a violation, the treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. More pronounced circulatory failure requires hospitalization.
For treatment use the following drugs:
- antispasmodics - Eufillin, No-shpa;
- vascular - "Actovegin";
- antiplatelet agents - “Curantil”;
- vitamins and trace elements - Ascorbic Acid, Magne B6;
- hepatoprotectors - Hofitol, Essentiale;
- tocolytics - "Partusisten", "Ginipral";
- improves blood microcirculation - Trental;
- antihypoxic drugs - Instenon;
- metabolic - "ATP".
Usually, two courses are conducted to improve the condition.therapy - immediately after the diagnosis was made and for a period of 32-34 weeks. After that, the doctor decides on the mode of delivery. This is especially important if the circulatory disorder is severe. At disturbance of a blood-groove of 1 degree childbirth is carried out in the natural way.
Surgery
If the blood flow disorder is pronouncedcharacter, carry out emergency delivery. In the case of the failure of conservative treatment, even in the case of a mild disorder, the decision is made within two days. Usually conduct cesarean section. If it is planned with a gestation period of less than 32 weeks, then assess the condition of the fetus and its viability.
Preventive measures
To avoid such a pathological condition,as a violation of blood flow 1A degree during pregnancy, prevention measures should be carried out. A woman who is expecting a baby should eat foods that contain the necessary vitamins, micro and macronutrients, fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Every day should be consumed at least 1.5 liters of fluid, but only if you do not suffer from swelling.
It is also important to keep your weight under control.During pregnancy, the recommended weight gain should not exceed 10 kg. Women at risk are given prophylaxis with drugs to interact with the systems of the mother and fetus and prevent extremely dangerous dysfunction of the uteroplacental circulation. An important role is played by a timely adjusted method of delivery. But it should be remembered that even compliance with these measures does not exclude the occurrence of severe neurological complications.
Conclusion
Таким образом, важно контролировать кровотоки при of pregnancy. The causes of circulatory disorders may be different. The main thing is to monitor your health, and timely detection of pathology will help prevent serious consequences for the unborn child.
