Adenoid - what is it? We will give the answer to the question in the article below. You will also find out why such formations are inflamed and how they are removed.
basic information
So, let's talk about adenoid.You can understand this by analyzing the etymology of the word. The medical term is of Greek origin. It consists of two syllables, which are translated as "iron" and "type." Adenoid - what is it? This nasopharyngeal or pharyngeal tonsil, which is pathologically enlarged. When inflammation, it reduces hearing, causes difficulty in nasal breathing, and also contributes to other disorders. What caused the destruction of the tonsil? This is due to hyperplasia of its lymphoid tissue.
Where is it located?
The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the arch of the nasopharynx.Together with the tubal, lingual and palatal formations, it is part of the pharyngeal lymphadenoid ring. At usual examination of the patient this tonsil is not visible. To observe it (in a healthy state), special tools are required. As for the adenoids, they can be seen with the naked eye. Such pathologically enlarged tonsils are very common in children aged 3 to 7 years.
Causes of inflammation
We consider further adenoid.What it is, it was explained above. Now we will try to answer another question. Why are pharyngeal tonsils inflamed? Experts say that the adenoid can be a separate disease, as well as combined with inflammatory processes that occur at the level of the oropharynx and the nasal cavity. Thus, it can be safely noted that the causes of this disease, there are a great many. To determine them, it is first necessary to identify the pathological processes that occur in the mother during pregnancy. In addition, it is necessary to exclude the presence of birth trauma, which contributed to the development of the disease.
As you know, in the first trimester of pregnancythere is not only a laying, but also the formation of all the internal organs of the fetus. Infection, which appeared at this time, quite easily leads to abnormalities in the development of the fetus, including the occurrence of adenoids. By the way, uncontrolled intake of harmful drugs in the process of carrying a child is also a negative factor in the occurrence of a pathologically enlarged pharyngeal tonsil.
As for childbirth, it is naturalphysiological process, which is also associated with the risk of injury to the fetus, especially its head. With damage to the skull or a long delay in the genital tract, the child does not receive the oxygen it needs. As a result, he is born weak. The baby becomes susceptible to infections of the respiratory tract, which can lead to an increase in tonsils.
Other reasons
Why are adenoids inflamed in the nose and oropharynx?Such pathology can develop in the process of growing up of a child (from 3 years old and up to adolescence). This happens because of many different reasons. For example, due to sore throat, laryngitis, sinusitis and other sores. Also, adenoids in the nose and oropharynx may be inflamed in people who are predisposed to allergies. This disease is often the result of lymphatic diathesis and chronic colds. By the way, the latter lead to inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils more often. This is due to the fact that they are the first immune organs that stand in the way of the spread of infection.
Как удаляют аденоиды?This question interests many people who were somehow affected by the problem under consideration. The fact is that, inflamed, the pharyngeal tonsils increase, as a result of which their normal structure changes markedly. Growing, they gradually close the path into the cavity of the nasopharynx, which entails serious consequences.
Symptoms of the disease
What are the adenoids 3 degrees?Experts say that this disease does not develop in one day. This is a rather protracted chronic process. Adenoids increase gradually. Having reached a large size, they have a pronounced adverse effect on the entire body of the patient. In the clinical picture of this disease several symptoms conditionally stand out.
General features
Аденоиды 3 степени проявляются тем, что в during the increase, they cause a noticeable lack of oxygen when breathing. If the pharyngeal tonsils are inflamed in children, the child begins to tire quickly and also lingers in mental and physical development. In addition, the kid's memory abilities decrease, heightened drowsiness appears. Such children, especially small ones, are irritable and very whiny.
Local symptoms
Local signs of adenoids include violationsarising from their growth (i.e., impairment of auditory and respiratory functions). Thus, the following phenomena can be safely attributed to the symptoms of this disease:
- It becomes difficult for a person to breathe through the nose. The surrounding clearly shows how the patient breathes with his mouth open.
- After difficulty in nasal breathing, the patient develops night snoring or snoring lightly.
- If an infection has joined the adenoids, then the patient shows signs of inflammation of the nasopharynx and nose. For example, rhinitis.
- Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils can strongly close the lumen of the canal connecting the ear cavity with the oral cavity. As a result, the person has not very bad hearing loss.
- Reduced timbre of voice and nasalness appear in those cases if adenoids almost completely closed the exit from the nasal cavity.
It should be noted that thethe disease often forms the adenoid type of the facial skeleton. How does this happen? Constant nasal congestion and a very long open mouth while breathing create conditions that cause a particular expression of the face. In children with such a diagnosis, the facial skeleton is gradually drawn out, and the nasal passages and upper jaw are narrowed. When this occurs, the deformation of the bite, as the full closing of the lips does not occur. In the event that, in childhood, the pathology was not found or the appropriate measures were not taken, then the said skeletal deformity remains for life.
Diagnostics
Are adenoids removed?Surgery is a fairly common method by which you can get rid of inflamed pharyngeal tonsils. However, before this you should definitely contact the doctor for the correct diagnosis.
Diagnose this disease in the following ways:
- Finger research. The specialist estimates the degree of adenoid enlargement and the condition of the nasopharynx (by inserting an index finger into the mouth).
- Back rhinoscopy. This method allows you to explore the nasopharyngeal cavity with a small mirror.
- Endoscopic method.This is perhaps the most informative method for diagnosing adenoids. For inspection naso-and oropharynx using a special device. It is called an endoscope. It allows you not only to make the correct diagnosis painlessly and quickly, but also to identify the associated pathological changes.
How to treat adenoids without surgery?
Консервативный метод лечения такой патологии provides for the use of special medical devices. As a rule, they are applied at the very beginning of the development of the disease. When deciding on the choice of this method, consider the following:
- The degree of enlargement of glands (1-2 degrees).
- No signs of chronic inflammation.
- Lack of functional disorders of the gland.
For drugs that are used to treat adenoids, include:
- Antihistamines. For example, “Pipolfen”, “Diazolin”, “Dimedrol”, “Suprastin”.
- Local antiseptic drugs.
- Multivitamin complexes.
- Physiotherapeutic procedures, ultrasound currents, heating.
Surgical method
If it is impossible to use a conservativemethod doctors resort to surgery. How to remove adenoids? Before the operation, a special examination of the patient is made in order to prevent the occurrence of side effects. Adenotomy is performed under local anesthesia or under short-term general anesthesia. The operation is done with the help of a special device called an adenote. Is a laser used to remove enlarged pharyngeal tonsils? Adenoids using such equipment are excised very rarely. By the way, this procedure is also expensive.
The operation to remove the adenoids is simple.Therefore, in the absence of complications, the patient may be allowed to go home within a few hours. In this case, the patient requires bed rest for 2 days and a diet. By the way, the food should be hot and consumed in the wiped form.
