A bruise is a mechanical damage to the tissue, withwhich does not remain open wounds. It is accompanied by swelling, bruises and pain. If you have severe bruised eyes, what to do? This you will learn in the course of reading the article.
Features of eye injuries
Severe damage to the eyeball maylead to impaired visual function. There are several features in the structure of this body, because of which any injuries can cause serious and even irreparable harm. Consider a few of these features in more detail:
- unlike other parts of the body, the eye has no support from the muscles;
- interacts directly with the environment, therefore, vulnerable to external factors;
- complex structure, consists of very fragile elements;
- not all aspects of the structure of the eye have been studied, some injuries and illnesses are not yet treatable.
It is on the basis of these factors that it becomes clear why a bruise is a serious damage that can even lead to partial or complete blindness and other serious pathologies.
Causes of bruises
The causes of mechanical damage can bemany - fall, blow with any object, fight, explosion, etc. Most often, such children are prone to injuries, older boys, adolescents, and people whose work involves certain dangers. These include police, stuntmen, firefighters, athletes and others.
In any case, everyone can face this problem completely by chance, regardless of gender, age and type of activity.
If you have a bruised eye, a bruise may be the most innocuous symptom. The consequences can actually be much worse. We will discuss this further.
Common symptoms of contusion
Since the degree of injury is completely different, the severity of the symptoms is also different. Severe eye injury is characterized by the following manifestations:
- Pain - most often quite strong, but maybe quitedo not feel it. It depends on the individual characteristics of the person and his pain threshold. In some cases, there is pain shock, and this symptom is felt later.
- Edema - a clear sign of severe injury. Occurs due to fluid accumulation in the damaged area. Most often it appears on the eyelid and under the eye. It becomes fully noticeable after a day.
- Vision problems - there is a nebula or blur. This is a very serious phenomenon, as there is a possibility of retinal detachment.
- Field fallout - after injury, lateral vision may be damaged or disappear completely.
- Tearfulness - temporary syndrome, usually occurs after a while.
- Light sensitivity - a condition in which it is impossible to look at the light.
- Dizziness and nausea - may disappear after a couple of hours, in the worst case, they indicate a concussion.
- Temperature rise - an alarming symptom, indicating complications and a possible inflammatory process.
Bruise classification
If a girl hurt her eyes, what to do? First of all, it is necessary to determine the severity of the injury. In total, they are distinguished by four, each of which is characterized in its own way.
First degree contusion:
- the pain is not very strong, tolerable;
- the perception of the surrounding world worsens;
- small bruises;
- swelling of the cornea;
- reduced pupil, poor response to light;
- the retina acquires a grayish tint.
Second degree contusion:
- well-felt impulsive pain;
- fear of light;
- profuse tearing;
- eyesight visibly deteriorating;
- the eye is completely covered with hemorrhages;
- damaged conjunctiva is destroyed;
- mucus is prone to erosion;
- pupils are dilated and do not give reaction to light stimuli;
Third degree contusion:
- pain is obvious, very severe;
- fear of light rays;
- tear;
- the vision drops so much that it is almost completely lost.
- the fundus is completely filled with blood;
- may be dislocated lens.
Fourth degree contusion:
- complete destruction of the structure of the eye;
- optic nerve torn off;
- the lens is dislocated;
- vision is lost.
Bruise effects
In addition to this symptom, with a strong injury there can be very serious consequences:
- Disorders in the structure of the retina or its detachment. It occurs when the capillaries do not withstand the force of impact and burst. The risk group includes people with retinal dystrophy and its other pathologies.
- Corneal problems. A traumatic cataract, clouding or even destruction of the lens can develop.
- Ligament rupture. When they are damaged, the lens first suffers, it loses its transparency.
- Tearing iris leads to the fact that the pupil loses the functions of contraction and expansion, that is, the light ceases to react. This suggests damage to the nerve endings.
- Bleeding inside the eye - talks about the likelihood of retinal detachment and further deterioration of visual functions, manifests itself a minute after receiving a stroke.
First aid for severe injury
If there is a bruise in the child’s eyes oradult (the same actions will be in both cases), first of all you need to call an ambulance. However, before her arrival, you need to help the victim yourself. To alleviate his condition in the following ways:
- in acute pain, apply compresses with cold and periodically change them;
- eye dressing can be impregnated with an antiseptic solution. This method saves and photophobia.
Как правило, сильные ушибы сопровождаются severe consequences, therefore, for competent diagnosis it is better to take the patient to a special eye center, since in a normal clinic there may not be appropriate diagnostic equipment.
Diagnosing severe bruises
Examination of the damaged eye is made by an ophthalmologist. It establishes the degree of injury and determines which elements of the organ were damaged. Methods for diagnosing injury are as follows:
- Inspection of the ophthalmoscope.It is used to study the bottom of the eyeball and is effective in the presence of obvious retinal injuries. This method is inaccurate, so it is better to pre-expand the pupil. Otherwise, you may not see more than sixty percent of the retina.
- Inspection using a Goldman lens. Allows you to more carefully examine the damage on difficult-to-reach areas of the eye. The device with this lens is available in specialized and private clinics.
- Eyesight check. The standard procedure is carried out using a table with letters. A sure method that will show if the vision has fallen due to a bruise or not.
- Gonioscopy. Examine the anterior chamber of the eye. Quite a painful procedure, use painkillers.
- Perimetry. Using a computer, they examine the field of view, as injuries of this nature can lead to its violation.
- Ultrasound. Allows you to determine the clinical picture in the turbid state of the cornea and lens.
- Tomography. Maybe computer, and maybe -magnetic resonance. In the first case, the eyeball and the intracranial region are considered. In the second, defects of the optic nerves and muscles are investigated, and motor abilities are checked.
Treatment
In case of severe injury, the doctor will prescribedrug treatment. Most often it is drops - supportive and antibacterial. They will help relieve inflammation and prevent infections. In addition to traditional methods, there are folk methods of eliminating severe injuries.
Eye injury: treatment by folk methods
These medicinal recipes that cancook at home, help only when removing swelling, reducing bruise and eliminate pain. In more complex cases, such methods can no longer be avoided.
1 way
One onion is passed through a meat grinder and a teaspoon of sugar is added to the resulting slurry. Stir and apply to the injury site for twenty minutes. This will ease the swelling and reduce pain.
2 way
Lotions of soda. Prepare a solution - put a teaspoon of soda in a glass of warm water. You need to apply several times a day to relieve hemorrhage and bruise.
3 way
If there are no bruises, then a mixture of turmeric and ginger in equal proportions will be suitable for relieving pain. Add some water to make a slurry. She spread on the eye and cover with cellophane.
After the swelling goes away, residual effects can be cured with heat. It favorably affects the damaged tissues, promotes their healing.
Very good helps cabbage lotion.
Fresh cabbage leaves are cleaned from the core and poured over with boiling water for a few minutes. Then applied to the affected area. Do this procedure at least twice a day, keep about two hours.
Remember that self-treatment can only aggravate the situation. Therefore, it is still worth visiting a doctor and get his advice.
Treatment of injuries with medical methods
If the consequences of a strong injury are notserious and do not require surgery, then the doctor can prescribe a number of drugs that will help cure severe injury. The most effective medicines are listed below:
- "Diclofenac" - relieves inflammation, reduces temperature, fever and fever, reduces swelling, eliminates pain.
- Indomethacin - stops the inflammatory process, relieves pain.
- "Suprastin" - reduces the activity of histamine, is a stimulant.
In addition to tablets, with a strong injury to the eye,accompanied by complications, eye drops will work well. They are discharged and after surgery. Usually the full course of these drugs does not exceed ten days.
- "Ciprofloxacin" - A drug that destroys microbes and bacteria, has low toxicity.
- "Ofloxacin" - A cure for microbes, has a wide range of action.
- "Pikloksidin" - characterized by antiseptic properties.
Any injury to the eye is dangerous, because this organ is very fragile, and it is necessary to treat its health responsibly. That is why you should not neglect medical care in case of severe injury.
