Transmissible transmission route

Most diseases do not appear just like that,but are transmitted from the hearth to a healthy person. We suggest you familiarize yourself with the types of transmission of infections, as well as understand in more detail in vector-borne diseases. This is especially true in the warm season.

Types of transmission of infections

Infection can be transmitted to a person in the following ways:

1. Alimentary. The path of transmission is the digestive system. Infection enters the body with food and water containing pathogens (eg, intestinal infections, dysentery, salmonellosis, cholera).
2. Air-dropping. Transmission path - inhaled air or dust containing the pathogen.
3. Contact.The path of transmission is the source of infection or disease (eg, a sick person). You can get infected by direct contact, sexual way, as well as contact-household, that is, through the use of common with contaminated household items (for example, a towel or dishes).
4. Blood:

• vertical, during which the mother's illness passes through the placenta to the child;
• transmissible transmission of disease - infection through the blood with the help of living vectors (insects);
• blood transfusion, when infection occursthrough insufficiently processed tools in the dental office, various medical institutions (hospitals, laboratories, etc.), beauty salons and hairdressing salons.

Transmission method of transmission

The transmissible transmission pathway isgetting contaminated blood containing pathogens of infection, into the blood of a healthy person. It is carried out by living vectors. The transmissive pathway involves the transmission of pathogens through bloodsucking insects:

• directly with an insect bite;
• after rubbing on the skin with injuries (for example, with scratches) of the killed insect-carrier.

Without proper treatment, vector-borne diseases can be fatal.

Methods of transmission and classification of vectors of vector-borne diseases

The transmissible transmission pathway of the disease occurs in the following ways:

1. Inoculation - a healthy person is infected duringa bite of an insect through his mouthpiece. This transfer will occur several times if the vector does not die (for example, malaria spreads like this).
2. Contamination - a person becomes infected by rubbing insect feces into a bitten place. Infection can also be repeated many times, until the death of the carrier (example of the disease - typhus).
3. Specific contamination - infection of a healthyof a person occurs while rubbing an insect into the damaged skin (for example, when there are scratches or wounds on it). Transmission occurs once, as the carrier dies (an example of the disease is recurrent typhus).

The carriers, in turn, are divided into the following types:

• Specific, in the organism of which the causative agents of diseases undergo development and have several stages of life.
• Mechanical, in whose body the causative agents of diseases do not develop, but only accumulate over time.

Types of diseases that are transmitted by a transmissible method

Possible infections and diseases that are infected with insects:

• relapsing fever;
• anthrax;
• Tularemia;
• plague;
• encephalitis;
• AIDS virus;
• Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis;
• yellow fever (viral disease of the tropics);
• various types of fevers;
• Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever (a high percentage of deaths - from ten to forty percent);
• dengue fever (typical of the tropics);
• filariasis lymphatic (typical of the tropics);
• river blindness, or onchocerciasis, and many other diseases.

In total, there are about two hundred kinds of diseases that are transmitted by a transmissible way.

Specific carriers of vector-borne diseases

Above we wrote that there are two types of vectors. Consider those in whose organisms the pathogens multiply or undergo a development cycle.

Mechanical vectors of vector-borne infections

These insects transmit the pathogen in the form in which it was received.

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus

Number of infecting units in one milliliterblood of HIV-infected - up to three thousand. This is three hundred times more than in seminal fluid. The human immunodeficiency virus is distributed in the following ways:

• sexual intercourse;
• from a pregnant or nursing mother to a child;
• through blood (injecting drugs, during transfusion of contaminated blood or transplantation of tissues and organs from an HIV-infected person);

The transmissible transmission of HIV is virtually impossible.

Prevention of vector-borne infections

Preventive measures to prevent the transmission of vector-borne infections:

• deratization, that is, fighting rodents;
• pest control, that is, a set of measures for the destruction of vectors;
• a set of procedures for improving the terrain (for example, reclamation);
• use of individual or collective methods of protection from bloodsucking insects (for example, special bracelets impregnated with aromatic oils, repellents, sprays, mosquito nets);
• immunization measures;
• placing patients and infected in the quarantine zone.

The main goal of preventive measures is toreduction in the number of possible vectors. Only this can reduce the likelihood of contracting diseases such as recurrent typhus fever, vector-borne anthroponoses, phlebotomia fever and leishmaniasis dermal city.

The scope of preventive work depends on the number of infected and specific infections. Thus, they can be conducted within:

• streets;
• district;
• cities;
• area and the like.

The success of preventive measures depends on the thoroughness of the work and the level of examination of the source of infection. We wish you good health!