Gastroduodenitis: symptoms and treatment. Diet and consequences

Any of the diseases of the digestive system requireslong-term and systemic treatment. Gastroduodenitis, the symptoms of which are caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, occurs almost every second adult person. The etiology of this disease is diverse, so it may take more time to find and eliminate its true cause than to combat symptoms and treatment.

Gastroduodenitis - what is this disease?

Воспаление пилорического отдела желудка и the duodenal mucosa negatively affects the functionality of the entire gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the progression of the disease, the pancreas, liver and biliary ducts are significantly affected, therefore it is highly undesirable to delay the treatment of it.

In adults, symptoms of gastroduodenitis manifest themselves.without fundamental differences. In old age, this disease is extremely rare. Gastroduodenitis mainly affects adolescents, young boys and girls. It is possible to argue this fact by the fact that it is this category of patients that more often permits errors in nutrition, abuses alcohol and smoking.

Suspect a patient’s mucositisstomach can be on a number of specific symptoms. Treatment of gastroduodenitis is resorted to after a number of diagnostic procedures, the reason for the passage of which is the loss of weight in a very short time and painful sensations during palpation of the abdomen.

Types of disease

Depending on the etiological factor,primary and secondary gastroduodenitis are isolated. By primary means types of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, caused by external stimuli - harmful foods, aggressive chemical agents. Exogenous causes of gastroduodenitis also include infection with Helicobacter pylori, a helical bacterium found in the pylorus of the stomach. By the way, when this microorganism is detected, the HP-positive form of the pathology is diagnosed, and in the absence, the HP-negative is diagnosed.

Secondary pathology occurs under the influence ofendogenous factors. Often, on the background of endocrine and immune system disorders, diseases of the pancreas and liver, characteristic symptoms of gastroduodenitis occur in adults. Treatment of this disease must begin without delay, as it may have serious complications. The consequences of progressive gastroduodenitis we will pay attention a little later, but for now let us return to other types of the disease.

Depending on the duration and severity of the course, there are:

• Острый гастродуоденит.The full cycle of the disease lasts no more than three months. In acute form, the entire pyloric region and the duodenum are affected, which leads to disruption of the motility of the digestive system, prevents the normal passage of food entering the body. Without treatment, the symptoms of gastroduodenitis increase, often the pathology goes into a chronic stage.
• Chronic gastroduodenitis.The disease develops predominantly against the background of the acute stage as a result of untreated gastritis or the absence of any therapy at all. The duration of the course of this form of the disease may be different, therefore, drug treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis, the symptoms of which are in many ways similar to gastritis, is carried out with each exacerbation.

The depth of the mucosal lesions and the type of inflammatory process, which is determined during instrumental diagnostics, distinguish the following forms of gastroduodenitis:

Form name	Description and features of the flow
Catarrhal	The mildest form, in which the surface of the gastric mucosa is inflamed, but the erosion is still absent on the shell, the glands function satisfactorily.
Hypertrophic	There is a thickening of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum due to prolonged inflammation, the formation of folds and outgrowths.
Erosive	Characterized by numerous ulcerations, smallerosion on the mucous. With this form of the disease, intestinal cells may appear in the stomach, which normally should not be. This disorder is called intestinal epithelial metaplasia.
Mixed	In many ways, the disease has similarities with hypertrophic gastroduodenitis, but with a mixed form, erosive foci also occur.

Depending on the level of gastric acidity, gastroduodenitis is distinguished:

• with increased gastric secretion;
• with a normal level of acidity;
• with reduced secretion (often leads to the appearance of malignant tumors).

The provoking factors

Given that all forms of this disease cancaused by various reasons and manifest unequal symptoms, the treatment of gastroduodenitis in adults can also be held according to different schemes. However, before proceeding to the treatment of inflammation of the gastric mucosa, it is important to determine the same provoking factor. The most common cause of gastroduodenitis are:

• inclusion in the diet of products containing chemical irritants (preservatives, stabilizers, dyes, pesticides);
• poisoning by stale foods;
• long-term medication;
• regular consumption of hot spices and seasonings;
• acute infectious diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract;
• failure to comply with the diet;
• stress, frequent experiences that lead to increased secretion of gastric juice.

The mechanism of gastroduodenitisinvolves the development of an inflammatory reaction in the pyloric region, which prevents the natural physiological regeneration of the mucous membrane. In most cases, this disease occurs due to the combined influence of factors, which include nutritional errors, and the defeat of helicobacter pylori, and psychogenic disorders. In combination, their action leads to a weakening of the secretory and motor functions, therefore, with gastroduodenitis, a decrease in the tone and motility of all parts of the gastrointestinal tract is noted.

Gastroduodenitis symptoms in adults

Treatment of the chronic form suggestsneutralizing the symptoms of the disease that interfere with normal health and performance. The discomfort of gastroduodenitis is extremely diverse, and their severity is directly dependent on the nuances of the pathology. Among the main clinical signs of this disease it is worth noting:

• pain in the epigastric region (aching or cramping pain);
• nausea;
• loss of appetite;
• heartburn;
• eructation;
• an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth;
• feeling of constant fullness of the stomach;
• constipation or diarrhea.

Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis inadults, the treatment of which seems unnecessary to many, over time, general manifestations may join. The most common are fatigue, pale skin, irritability, dizziness, weight loss, insomnia. Signs of the disease become more pronounced after its transition to erosive gastroduodenitis. The treatment and symptoms of this form of the disease differ from the manifestations and treatment of catarrhal inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The pains of the erosive type of gastroduodenitis are more intense, often accompanied by severe heartburn, vomiting, and are difficult to stop even with the help of drugs.

In contrast to the acute stage, the chronic courseless pronounced. With a protracted course of the disease, the patient experiences mild but persistent pains that worsen during the period of relapse. For the chronic form of gastroduodenitis peculiar to:

• stomach discomfort, manifested after eating;
• nausea;
• yellow bloom on tongue, slight swelling;
• pain in the peritoneum with palpation;
• upset stool;
• irritability;
• weight loss;
• fast fatiguability.

What is dangerous gastroduodenitis

At first sight?it may seem that this disease does not pose a particular threat to health, and therefore its treatment can be postponed until later. In fact, the effects of gastroduodenitis can make life more difficult.

A patient diagnosed with catarrhalgastroduodenitis, it is necessary to be afraid of transformation of a superficial inflammation of a mucous in ulcerations. The erosive chronic form has specific clinical manifestations, including intense and prolonged pain, dyspeptic syndrome, heartburn, bowel disorders. In case of progression of the disease, the wounds begin to bleed. Ignoring the need for diet and treatment, the symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults are complemented by internal bleeding. At an advanced stage, the disease can degenerate into an ulcer, affecting the walls of the organs. Peptic ulcer is a favorable condition for the formation of a cancer.

In chronic gastroduodenitis with low acidity, iron deficiency anemia often occurs, the immune system weakens, and pathologies such as:

• enterocolitis;
• dysbiosis;
• diarrhea;
• pancreatitis.

In addition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum often leads to deterioration of the teeth, hair, nails, skin.

How to recognize pathology

Symptom Descriptions Alone for Treatmentchronic gastroduodenitis in adults is not enough. The doctor must examine the patient, listen to his complaints, draw up a detailed history and, on the basis of the obtained picture of the disease, prescribe additional instrumental and laboratory diagnostics. Complex research procedures:

• Fibrogastroduodenoscopy - examination of the stomach and duodenum with an endoscope, through which you can objectively assess the condition of the mucous membrane and the walls of organs.
• Roentgenoscopy. This research method is not conducted in everycase. If necessary, they resort to it to differentiate gastroduodenitis from other pathologies with an identical clinical picture. X-rays with a contrast agent can also ensure the evacuation properties of the stomach.
• Clinical blood test. The results of this study may indirectly confirm the symptoms of gastroduodenitis exacerbation. Treatment of pathology is indicated if the patient has overestimated leukocyte counts and ESR.

In addition to the above procedures, the doctor may prescribe antroduodenal manometry, a study conducted to study the motor function of the organs of the upper GI tract, to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Симптомы гастродуоденита у детей и взрослых могут have different severity due to the etiology and form of the disease in each case. If the disease is uneventful, therapy can be carried out at home. In case of erosive gastroduodenitis and severe symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis, treatment is carried out in the gastroenterology department.

To stop aggravation, one is enoughmedication and adherence to a strict diet. In the case of repeated episodes of the disease, one cannot do without re-consulting the doctor, drawing up a plan for a comprehensive treatment and nutrition. The symptoms of gastroduodenitis can be managed with the help of a therapeutic program built on compliance with:

• bed rest for two weeks;
• strict diet (table number 1);
• the regimen of drugs, in particular antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori and drugs that regulate the secretory function and motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastroduodenitis Medicines

The choice of medication depends on the concentration.acidic environment, motility disorders of the intestine and stomach, the degree of damage to the mucous membrane. It is impossible to engage in self-treatment - this can only aggravate the course of the disease. The use of any of the above mentioned drugs is possible only after the recommendation of a doctor. The specialist will not only select the right medicine, but also correctly determine the individual dosage, the duration of the course.

With pronounced and uncomfortable symptoms, gastroduodenitis treatment with drugs gives good results after the first applications. With this disease of the stomach are used:

• Antimicrobials and antibiotics ("Flemoksin Solutab", "Klacid", "Rulid","Furazolidone", "Azithromycin", "Metronidozol"). Their purpose is to directly affect the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Together with an effective effect on pathogenic microorganisms, antibiotics partially destroy the beneficial microflora, causing intestinal dysbiosis.
• Antacids. Препараты этой фармакологической группы снижают acidity and envelop the mucous protective film, protecting it from damaging factors. In addition, antacids prescribed for severe heartburn. The most effective and popular products are Almagel, Gastal, Maalox, Fosfalyugel, Vikalin, Vikair, Omez, Nolpaza.
• Antispasmodics and painkillers. The effect of these drugs is to eliminate spasms and pain in the digestive tract organs - “No-shpa”, “Drotaverin”, “Duspatalin”.
• Enzyme preparations ("Mezim", "Panzinorm", "Abomin", "Penzital", "Creon"). They are prescribed if gastroduodenitis arose against the background of the defeat of the pancreas.
• Vitamin Complexes and restorative drugs.

Nutrition rules

With timely initiated therapy, the absenceexacerbations and the fulfillment of all medical prescriptions will be favorable. However, in addition to medication, it is equally important to follow a diet and proper diet. Otherwise, after a while, all the symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults will return, and treatment with drugs will be useless.

In the predominant number of cases the patientthey recommend sticking to table No. 1. If this diet is observed and gastroduodenitis treatment is used, the symptoms will gradually disappear, but in order to prevent them from returning, the patient will have to adhere to dietary restrictions for a long time. In addition, the diet is designed to normalize the work of the liver and bile secretion.

The essence of the diet with gastroduodenitis isminimum consumption of refractory fats, but sufficient intake of proteins and carbohydrates. All products must undergo heat treatment, be it meat, fish, fruit or vegetables. Fresh food can not be consumed. Stringy meat and vegetable fiber must be crushed to a puree-like state. It is important to remember that:

• Food consumed should be at normal temperature, not too hot or cold.
• Food should be chewed thoroughly.
• It is necessary to eat fractionally: in small portions at short intervals (no more than 2 hours).

Диету для каждого пациента гастроэнтеролог is individually taking into account the characteristics of its digestive system, general condition and other factors. For example, in case of erosive gastroduodenitis, it is allowed to eat cottage cheese, non-sour and nonfat kefir, cream can be consumed. As the main meals, patients are recommended mucous porridges, soups, egg omelets. Of meat products, preference should be given to boiled or steamed river fish, chicken, rabbit. Fruits and vegetables (pumpkin, beets, carrots, cauliflower, apple) should be eaten only in baked or stewed form.

If the patient has gastroduodenitis withhigh acidity, it is necessary to abandon bread, vegetables (especially tomatoes), coffee, black tea. At low acidity, the basis of the ration should be hard cheeses, dry biscuits, soups with low-fat broth, but the vegetables in them should be minced as much as possible. It is also recommended to eat greens, berries and fruits, drink ryazhenka and kefir.

With the catarrhal form of gastroduodenitis, the basis of the daily menu should be boiled or baked vegetables, low-fat dairy products, jelly, compote, mineral water without gas.

ethnoscience

Hope for efficiency alonealternative methods are not worth it, but as an auxiliary method that will help fight the symptoms of gastroduodenitis, treatment with folk remedies is ideal. Before using any of the recipes described below, you should always consult a doctor:

• Broth fresh mint.You can use and dry plant materials. For the preparation of one glass of medicinal drink will need 1 tsp. mint. It is necessary to drink broth on an empty stomach, at the same time it is important that it was not hot.
• Infusion of flaxseeds.Preparing the tool in this ratio: 3 tbsp. l seed 1 liter of boiling water. Literally in 15-20 minutes the mixture will swell and acquire a jelly-like consistency. Substances that are contained in flax seed have an enveloping property, so you need to drink the infusion half a cup every day on an empty stomach.

• Овсяный отвар.This folk remedy for the treatment of gastroduodenitis has a healing effect. For its preparation you will need unrefined oats. Grains (1 tbsp. L.) Pour cold water and put on fire. The broth must be boiled for 15 minutes, then removed from heat. Before use, drink should be infused. Take 100 ml before meals.
• Infusion of calendula. The healing properties of this herb have long been known. One tablespoon of vegetable raw materials will be enough to make 500 ml of infusion. Take three times a day, 100 ml.

A few words about the prevention of gastroduodenitis

In order not to get sick of this disease, it is important to follow a few simple rules:

• Eat regularly and avoid large intervals between meals.
• From night snacks should be abandoned once and for all.
• Sour milk drinks, cottage cheese daily.
• Minimize the intake of fast carbohydrates.
• Eliminate the use of alcoholic beverages, sweet soda, fast food.