Intestinal perforation is a complete violationwalls of the colon or small intestine. As a result of this deformation, the contents of the body penetrate the abdominal cavity. This phenomenon is called perforation. This violation refers to surgical diseases.
The main causes of
Intestinal perforation is a disorder that does not occur by itself. There are a number of underlying causes that contribute to the deformity of the small or large intestine. This list includes:
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Diverculitis colon colon.
- Fecal stones.
- Necrosis of tumors formed on the colon.
- Ulcerative colitis.
- Gangrenous appendicitis, which provokes the disintegration of the tissues of the appendix.
- Some infections, such as tuberculosis or cytomegalovirus infection.
- Open and closed injuries.
Это основные факторы, в результате которых intestinal perforation occurs. The causes of damage to the walls of the small or large intestine may be others. Tissue rupture often occurs as a result of the ingress of sharp homogeneous bodies into the gastrointestinal tract: pins, needles, toothpicks, fish and meat bones.
Causes of bowel perforation in newborns
Intestinal perforation in some cases occurs in newborns. Perforation in infants may be due to such processes as:
- Intrauterine hypoxia of prolonged nature.
- Delayed development of certain systems.
- Feeding the baby enteral method.
- Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, obstruction.
- Surgical intervention.
Punctures in newborns are isolated cases. Multiple breaks are extremely rare. As the statistics show, in girls, intestinal perforation is twice as rare as in boys.
Intestinal perforation: symptoms
Perforation has specific symptoms.Signs of rupture can not be absent. The main sign of perforation is a strong pain in the abdomen, which is accompanied by muscle tension. Palpation increases discomfort. There are other signs of intestinal perforation:
- Frequent urging to stool.
- Bloating.
- Rapid pulse.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Oligulation.
- Increase in body temperature to 39 ° С.
- Slow or downed breath. With the contraction of the diaphragm, severe pain occurs.
Breakthrough tissue with colonoscopy
When examining the colon with a special probe, intestinal perforation may occur. This phenomenon can be explained as follows:
- Polyps removal - polyctamy.If this procedure is not carried out carelessly, severe tissue burn may occur. It is in this place that a breakthrough is formed. In rare cases, damage to the intestinal wall occurs during the operation. The first signs of malaise appear only after several days.
- Excess insufflation - introductionpowdered drug for tissue injury with a colonoscope. The rupture of the walls occurs during the operation. The first signs of intestinal perforation appear immediately. Punctures in this case can be large.
Diagnosis of intestinal perforation
Abscess localization during intestinal perforationdetermined by the method of palpation of the abdominal wall. The gap is located in the place where the patient feels severe pain when touched. For diagnosis, not only finger tests are usually used, but also computed tomography and radiography. In some cases, to establish the cause of discomfort in the abdomen is not so simple. Perforation is difficult to diagnose in patients:
- Suffered surgery associated with organ transplants.
- Taking chemotherapeutic drugs.
Abdominal pain in these patients is frequentphenomenon. To install an accurate diagnosis requires a computer scan. Any bowel perforation requires immediate surgical intervention. The exceptions are those cases when the contents of the small intestine or colon penetrates into the vagina and bladder. In this case, the patient may experience discharge of gases and feces during urination.
Methods of treatment
Intestinal perforation is treated only bysurgical intervention. It is not recommended to start the process, as this may lead to serious consequences. A patient with obvious signs of intestinal perforation is immediately hospitalized and operated as soon as possible.
The actions of doctors should be quick, but accurate. With such deformations of the intestinal tissues, it is impossible to delay, since irreversible processes can begin in the patient's body.
Чаще всего пациентам проводят лапароскопию.In addition, concomitant therapy is provided for anxiety symptoms, such as heart failure. Routine examination is allowed in cases where the contents of the intestine has penetrated into the bladder or vagina.
Experts do not recommend tighteningvisiting a doctor. To cure intestinal perforation at home is impossible. It should be noted that perforation can lead to the death of the patient. After a few hours after the appearance of a hole in the colon or small intestine, gangrene begins - necrosis of organs and tissues.
