The modern state includes severallevels of separation of powers: federal, regional, local. In light of this, it is worth noting that the municipal body is not a representative of the state. Many citizens do not suspect that the above type of government implies the power of the people only. Let's try to talk about this in more detail.
General Provisions on Local Government
Local government (local government)municipal authorities) is one of the many forms of exercise of people's power in Russia. This type of organization of management is found in certain territories, called municipalities. The concept, in turn, includes urban and rural settlements. These may be settlements, urban-type settlements, cities, villages with a different number of inhabitants, urban neighborhoods, isolated areas, and so on.
It is important to note here that the federal government controls the local, and the municipal body, in turn, is authorized to independently decide all internal affairs.
Thanks to the opportunity, the peoplea certain territory can independently solve local issues. Moreover, the Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees non-interference in the internal affairs of local self-government. In various forms, local government can be exercised. Self-government municipal bodies have the right to decide by holding a referendum, voting, gathering residents and so on.
Reference issues
City Council is the main bodymanagement, which is present in any large settlement. For the full implementation of its powers, it is important to know about the issues that are within the competence of this body and of the whole government:
- All decisions concerning the municipal fund. This includes not only maintenance and maintenance, but also the use of each individual plot (house, apartment, room).
- Kindergartens, secondary schools, vocational schools, hospitals,Polyclinics and other social institutions: all this is under the care of the local government. The city council is charged with the maintenance and organization of activities in these entities.
- Ensuring control over repairs, efficiency of maintenance and maintenance of utility networks: electricity and gas networks, water supply, sewage installations, and so on.
- Road maintenance. This item is often problematic, since there is not always enough money for such projects.
- Gardening of territories and their improvement.
Sources of income
Для эффективного существования муниципальный the body must have a number of revenues. That is why any territorial entity has a certain property. The most prominent representatives are: land, housing, cultural premises, hospitals, shopping areas, local industry and so on.
Accordingly, in order to properlyto provide services for the above-mentioned territories; the municipal bodies constitute the local budget. This document has the status of a regulatory act and includes a list of income and expenses.
The sources of funds can be used:
- Taxes and fees. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of establishing certain types of taxes on the territory of the municipality, for example: transport tax, road and so on.
- Income from the rental property or its privatization.
- Grants - the process of transferring funds from the state to the municipality for certain needs.
- Profit from the activities of enterprises: household, industrial, trade.
Power structure
As mentioned earlier, public authority is divided into two levels: state and municipal. In this case, the second type does not depend on the first.
At the level of municipal government bodies are createdlocal administration that are not part of the system of power of the federation. However, in order to most fully consider the organization of government in general, it is important to pay attention to the goals, functions, tasks and competence of the LSG.
Законодательная база, касающаяся данного вопроса, represented by a wide variety. The key PPA is the Federal Law "On the Organization of Local Government". This document, to improve its understanding and perception, is used to calling everyone Federal Law No. 131.
Municipal bodies exist according tothe whole territory of Russia. There is not a single piece of land where the local government has not found its reflection. Despite the wide range of issues of local importance, the boundaries of the territory of the municipality are established and modified by the laws of the subjects in accordance with the requirements of the federal government.
Directly about LSG bodies
Local authority is an education thatcreated for the implementation of the functions of the organization of public authority in the territory defined by law. This formation is created with the aim of ensuring the interests of citizens living on the subject territory for the economic development of the local region, as well as raising the level of the socio-cultural life of society.
Structure and organization of local administrative units
Not a single municipal body alone can organize management, even in a small area. That is why the legislator has provided the following types of formations:
- Representative body.
- Chapter.
- Administration performing executive and administrative functions.
- The body that oversees the administration.
- Other types of organizations that may be provided by the authorities of the local government bodies.
Head of Municipality
The most prominent representative of the authorities for residentsis the deputy heading the local territory. He acts as the highest official and is endowed with regulatory powers. The normative document regulating the activities of the head of the municipality is considered to be the Charter.
At the same time, it is impossible to say thatface possesses uncontrollable power. Without fail the chapter is obliged to report to the population on the work done. Moreover, thanks to the informatization and development of technologies, every resident of the municipality can get acquainted with the income and expenses that were accrued during the reporting period (they are considered a year). The charter of the municipality also permits all the nuances and subtleties associated with the activities of the head of administration, for example, in the case of early termination of the exercise of authority.
