Northwestern Federal District - Specificthe territory of the European part of Russia. It combines 7 regions, 1 federal city, 2 republics and 1 autonomous region. All of them are located in the north and north-west of the country.
This county of state was officially recognized in2000 Its structure included 11 subjects, including the administrative center of federal significance St. Petersburg. The total area is almost 2 million square meters. km, which is about 10% of the total size of Russia. According to data for 2015, the population is slightly less than 14 million people, of which 80% live in cities.
In economic terms, the North-West Federal District is of great importance for the country. Cities occupying a special place:
- Leader in all respects, of course, St. Petersburg.
- The capital of the Komi Republic is Syktyvkar.
- The regional center is Kaliningrad.
- City of military glory - Novgorod.
- Russia's largest port is Murmansk.
- Center of the municipality - Severodvinsk.
- Urban District - Arkhangelsk.
- Petrozavodsk is the capital of the Republic of Karelia.
- Vologda is the center of science development.
- The city of Vologda region - Cherepovets.
Resources of the Northwest District allow himoccupy one of the most honorable places throughout the country. It produces titanium, gas, oil, apatite. The county lands are full of peat deposits and combustible shale. Extensive deposits of gold, diamonds, nickel, uranium allow the economy of not only the region, but also the entire state to develop rapidly.
Komi Republic
The history of Komi begins in 1921. Until 1936it was equated to the autonomous region, but since December 5 of the indicated year she was awarded the title of republic, which is part of the Soviet Union. It received its present name on January 12, 1993. During 1994, the constitution was officially adopted, the coat of arms, anthem and flag approved, and the first elections of the head of the republic were held.
She is currently in the Northwestern Federal District. The composition of the Komi Republic:
- administrative districts - 12;
- cities of republican subordination - 8;
- district settlements - 2;
- village councils - 190;
- settlements - 37.
The industrial crisis fell on the collapse of the USSR. This caused a massive migration. From 1990 to 2000, the population decreased by 20%.
At present, the economy of the republic is at a high level. It is mainly engaged in the extraction and processing of minerals, such as precious stones, oil and gas.
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this district issubject of the state. It received official significance in 1926. The city of Naryan-Mar was appointed administrative center. It is the most sparsely populated area in the North-West Federal District. The cities of this region are half populated by Russians, and the indigenous people make up a little less than 20%. The total population of the district is about 43 thousand people. The charter of an autonomous region allows activities outside the Russian Federation.
The county includes:
- administrative city - 1;
- PGT - 1;
- village - 42.
The main economic sphere is reindeer herding and agriculture.
Republic of Karelia
The first mention of Karelia appeared in VIIcentury, these were the tribes belonging to the Baltic-Finnish united union. Since 2001, it has been a full-fledged subject of Russia with its legislative power. The constitution and the main attributes were adopted. The capital of the republic is Petrozavodsk. Mechanical engineering and metallurgy - the main industry, allowing to occupy a leading position among other regions within the North-West Federal District.
The regions of the republic can be divided into the northern, southern and central parts. Each of them differs in population and economic development.
- The central part - only 13% of the total population.
- North - about 14%.
- The southern regions of the Republic of Karelia are densely populated - 73%.
The main inhabitants are Russians (57%) and Karelians (37%), other nationalities - 6%.
St. Petersburg
Единственный город в округе федерального значения - St. Petersburg. It is the cultural capital of a great state. It was founded by Peter I in 1703. Here is one of the main headquarters of the Armed Forces of Russia. Thanks to direct access to the sea, the main command of the Navy of the state was located here.
St. Petersburg - scientific, cultural andindustrial center with a highly developed economy, part of the North-West Federal District. The composition of the Leningrad region does not include this city, as it is recognized as an independent entity.
The population is more than 5 million people. Carries the proud name of a millionaire. It is an urban agglomeration, the total area is almost one and a half thousand square meters. km
Leningrad region
The territory of the Leningrad region extends to84 thousand square meters. km This is the only region whose authorities are located in another region (Moscow). In 1993, a constitution was adopted, where they recognized the Leningrad Region as the subject of a great state called Russia. The North-West Federal District includes this region with 217 municipalities. This is one urban district and 17 districts, which include 61 urban settlements and 138 villages. Almost 2 million people inhabit the region. The main areas of industry: construction, metal processing, transport. Approximate annual income is 700-800 billion rubles.
Kaliningrad region
Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation includesKaliningrad region itself. By area, it is the smallest in comparison with other regions of Russia. Its size is slightly more than 15 thousand square meters. km A feature of this area is the fact that after the collapse of the USSR, the Kaliningrad region lost its land border with Russia. The population here is about 960 thousand people.
90% of the world's stock of amber is located here. Also in the Kaliningrad region mined rock salt, lignite, peat, oil.
Murmansk region
In 1938, the Murmansk region was formed.It occupies almost 145 thousand square meters. km area with a population of about 766 thousand people. The North-West Federal District combines all of its regions. Such industries as non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, light, metal-working and chemical are well developed. The annual turnover varies in the region of 300 billion rubles, which makes it possible to retain average positions in the rating of Russian subjects. The Murmansk region includes 5 areas of self-government and 12 districts of urban subordination.
Pskov region
The Pskov Region was formed in 1944.However, its borders were finally formed only in 1958. All 4 years of the Great Patriotic War were occupied by the Germans, which largely influenced its development and population. In 1967, for showing courage and rapid recovery after the fighting, received the highest award - the Order of Lenin.
Currently, as of 2015, the population of the region was about 650 thousand people. After entering the North-West Federal District, its gross turnover reached almost 80 billion rubles. Agriculture, electric power industry, construction are developed here.
Vologodskaya Oblast
Education of the Vologda region with modernBorders took place in 1937. However, in 1944, the areas of Pavinsky and Vokhomsky came into the possession of the Kostroma region. The total population is 1.1 million people. The city of Vologda is the administrative center. Aboriginal people are Russians and Vepsians.
Municipalities of the region:
- local government districts - 26;
- districts - 2;
- urban settlements - 22;
- villages - 322.
The most developed industries are electric power industry and ferrous metallurgy.
Novgorod region
Northwestern Federal District includesborders of 7 areas. Novgorod occupies 6th place with an area of 55.3 square meters. km It was formed in 1944. However, already in 1956, the districts were redistributed, and the village councils Dmitrovsky and Mozolevsky came under the authority of the Leningrad region. The number of population is more than 618 thousand people.
In the Novgorod region there are 3 cities of regional importance. This is Veliky Novgorod - the administrative center, Borovichi and Staraya Russa.
On the territory there are 1519 industrial complexes. Leading areas: woodworking, chemical, metallurgy.
Arkhangelsk region
The largest region of Russia, located in the European part, is Arkhangelsk (590 thousand sq. Km.). Its size can be compared with the areas of some countries, for example:
- France (about 537 thousand sq. Km);
- Spain (almost 505 thousand sq. Km).
With the division of the Northern region in 1937Arkhangelsk was formed. According to the data relevant for 2015, the population was almost 1.2 million people. The most important industrial spheres are concentrated in this area: shipbuilding, woodworking, pulp and paper production, diamond mining.
