The judicial system is currently playinga key role in the implementation of the idea of the rule of law in a society that seeks to declare itself as democratic. From the point of view of one of the main tenets of the theory of separation of powers, which was formulated more than two hundred years ago by the French philosopher S. Montesquieu, it is the judicial power that should assume the function of control over compliance with legal acts. Moreover, it is this branch of power that is empowered to control that these legal norms do not contradict the basic law of the state.
The judicial system of the Russian Federation, as, by the way, is allthe remaining institutions of state power, in its activities based on the Constitution. In accordance with this document, the main distinctive features of this system are independence and independence from other state bodies. The main purpose of the courts is to administer justice in strict accordance with the basic procedural requirements.
Судебная система Российской Федерации с точки From the point of view of the interaction of the main components, there is a well-coordinated interaction of the three links - the main, middle and higher. In addition, each link is a specific set of courts performing the same powers. In accordance with this, the first link of the judicial system includes the so-called courts of first instance - the judicial authorities, which are directly involved in the investigation, as well as in making a judgment or decision on the case.
The judicial system of the Russian Federation, in addition to the main courts,includes the cassation link. Cassation is mainly dealt with by the highest judicial bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which, upon appeal by one of the parties to the process, can either leave the previous decision in its previous form, or completely cancel it, or send it to a new investigation. In addition, mid-level courts can overturn a sentence or change it in favor of one of the parties.
The final link of our judicial systemstates are appeals courts. The main difference between an appeal and a cassation appeal is that the case is reviewed only on the merits, and not on individual issues.
The judicial system of the Russian Federation is unthinkable without its maincore - the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. This body not only nominally heads this entire branch of power, its decisions on certain issues set the vector for the development of the whole society. From the point of view of its structure, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation consists of nineteen judges, each of which, in order to occupy this position, had to carry out legal activity for at least 15 years, have an impeccable reputation and pass a thorough selection.
The main function of the Constitutional Court is toreviewing cases of compliance with the Constitution of certain legal acts of executive or legislative bodies of power, as well as clarifying the issue of the constitutionality of laws that have already entered into force or are only subject to execution. In addition, the Constitutional Court has the right to interpret the Constitution, and also works on the collective and individual requests of citizens.
Thus, the judicial system of the Russian Federation representsis a complex set of judicial institutions whose main function is to monitor compliance with the law in Russia, to administer justice and supervise the activities of officials.
