Taking information from the outside world, it is fromwith the participation of thinking, we can recognize and transform it. This helps us thinking and their characteristics. A table with these data is presented below.
What is thinking
This process is the engine of development.person In psychology, there is no separately acting process - thinking. It will necessarily be present in all other cognitive actions of a person. Therefore, in order to structure this transformation of reality somewhat, the types of thinking and their characteristics were singled out in psychology. The table with these data helps to better understand the activities of this process in our psyche.
Features of this process
- Mediation.This means that a person can indirectly recognize an object through the properties of another. Here are also involved types of thinking and their characteristics. Briefly describing this property, we can say that knowledge occurs through the properties of another object: we can transfer some acquired knowledge to such an unknown object.
- Generalization Connection to the general of several properties of the object. The ability to generalize helps a person to learn new things in the surrounding reality.
These two properties and processes of this cognitivehuman function contains a general characteristic of thinking. Characteristic types of thinking - a separate area of general psychology. Since the types of thinking are peculiar to different age categories and are formed by their own rules.
Types of thinking and their characteristics, table
A person perceives better structured information, so some information about the varieties of the cognitive process of cognition of reality and their description will be presented systematically.
It will best help to understand what are the types of thinking and their characteristics, table.
| Types of thinking | Definition |
| Visually effective | It is based on the direct perception of the surrounding objects during any actions with them. |
| Visually-shaped | Based on images and presentations. The person represents the situation and with the help of such thinking transforms it, forming unusual combinations of objects. |
| Verbal-logical | Performed logical operations with concepts. |
| Empirical | It is characterized by primary generalizations, conclusions based on the experience gained, that is, already existing theoretical knowledge. |
| Practical | The transition from abstract thinking to practice. Physical transformation of reality. |
Visual and effective thinking, description
In preschoolers in the first place goes visual-effective thinking. It begins its development from infancy. Description by age is presented in the table.
| Age period | Characteristic of thinking | Examples |
| Infancy | In the second half of the period (from 6 months)perception and action are developed, which form the basis for the development of this kind of thinking. At the end of infancy, the child can solve elementary problems based on the manipulation of objects by trial and error. | An adult hides a toy in his right hand. The kid first opens the left, after the failure reaches for the right. Finding a toy, rejoices at the experience. He knows the world in a visual-effective way. |
| Early age | By manipulating things, the child quickly learns importantcommunication between them. This age period is a vivid representation of the formation and development of visual-effective thinking. The kid performs external orienting actions, than he actively perceives the world. | Picking up a full bucket of water, the child noticed thatit comes to the sandbox with an almost empty bucket. Then, making manipulations with the bucket, he accidentally closes the hole, and the water remains at the same level. Perplexed, the kid is experimenting until he realizes that in order to maintain the water level it is necessary to close the hole. |
| Preschool age | During this period, this type of thinking gradually passes into the next, and already at the end of the age stage, the child masters verbal thinking. | First, to measure the length, the preschooler takes a paper striped, applying it to everything that is interesting. Then this action is transformed into images and concepts. |
Visual and imaginative thinking
| Characteristic | Combinations | Transformations |
| This kind of thinking is represented by certainoperations with images. Even if we do not see something, we can recreate it in the mind at the expense of this kind of thinking. The child begins to think so in the middle of preschool age (4-6 years). An adult also actively uses this species. | We can get a new image through combinationsobjects in the mind: a woman, choosing clothes for an exit, in the mind represents how she will look in a certain blouse and skirt or dress and scarf. This action is visual-figurative thinking. | Also, a new image is obtained with the help of transformations: considering a flowerbed with one plant, you can imagine how it will look with a decorative stone or many different plants. |
Verbal-logical thinking
| Age | Characteristic |
| Younger school age | A child entering school already learns to operate with elementary concepts. The main base for operating them are:
At this stage, the intellectualization of mental processes. |
| Adolescence | During this period, thinking becomes qualitativelyanother color is reflection. Theoretical concepts are already being evaluated by a teenager. In addition, such a child can distract from visual material, reasoning logically in verbal terms. Appear hypotheses. |
| Adolescence | Мышление на основе абстрагирования, понятий и logic becomes a system, creating an internal subjective model of the world. At this age stage, verbal-logical thinking becomes the basis of the young person’s worldview. |
Empirical thinking
Theoretical thinking is the knowledge of the rules, the various signs, the theoretical basis of the basic concepts. Here you can build hypotheses, but test them already in the plane of practice.
Practical thinking
Types of thinking and their characteristics depending on the tasks and properties of this process
Also shared types of thinking, depending on the tasks and subjects of the implementation of tasks. The process of knowing reality happens:
- intuitive;
- analytical;
- realistic;
- autistic;
- egocentric;
- productive and reproductive.
All these species are to a greater or lesser extent in every person.
