In 1869, English businessman John Hughesbuys land from Prince Kochubey in Yekaterinoslav Province. On the bank of the Kalmius river, not far from the village of Aleksandrovka, he begins the construction of a metallurgical plant. For the development of coal founded joint stock company. Metallurgical plant produced its first products three years after Yuzom bought the land.
It was at this enterprise were for the first time inThe Russian Empire has tested such innovations in metallurgy as the use of coke ovens and hot blast. Industry in the region is developing rapidly. Machine-building and iron foundries were put into operation. The working village, called Yuzovka, was growing. And in 1917, he received city status. In the same year, the nitrogen plant was opened. With the advent of Soviet power, the city was first renamed Stalino, and in 1961 they gave it a new name, Donetsk.
Sights of Donetsk
Residents of the city in memory of a person so muchwho made for the development of the region, established in 2001 a monument to John Hughes. The city is located in the steppe zone. It is only occasionally surrounded by forests. In this area there are lakes, the aforementioned Kalmius river, small hills.
In December 2001, St. Iversky was openedmonastery (Donetsk). A white stone building with lush domes and a bell tower is surrounded by unique vegetation. Some outlandish copies were provided by the monastery of the Donetsk Botanical Garden. The building of the cathedral was an Orthodox shrine - a list of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God, written on the legendary Mount Athos by the monk Janis. Unfortunately, the monastery yard and buildings were badly damaged during the armed conflict in the Donbas.
В Донецке находится мусульманская святыня - Akhat-Jami mosque, which was opened in 1999. Although construction began much earlier than the Muslim community, called the “Star of the Prophet”. It was the first mosque built in the Donbas. After this religious buildings appeared in other cities of the region. According to the architecture, Akhat-Jami reminds some of the Muslim shrines of Istanbul. This is a central, beige-colored building with a dark dome. On the sides there are two elegant minarets aspiring to the sky.
Museum of Fine Arts
В 1939 году в городе был основан Музей visual arts. During the Second World War, it was closed. After the war, was part of the regional ethnographic, then called the art gallery. And in 1965, the Donetsk Regional Art Museum was formed. Pictures here exhibit domestic and foreign masters. There are expositions representing the artistic treasures of antiquity. These are products made of glass and bronze, red pottery, as well as vases, bowls and other utensils. More than one thousand exhibits include a collection of paintings by Western European artists Dufrenois, North, Amigoni, Glauber and others.
Beautiful exhibits at the exhibition of Ukrainian iconsand the Russian masters of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Magnificent is the department of the museum dedicated to the decorative arts. These are products made of glass, porcelain, wood, as well as painted eggs, carpets, items of national clothing and so on. The museum has a permanent exhibition, which presents paintings by prominent artists: Aivazovsky, Shishkin, Serov, Savrasov, Vasnetsov, Surikov and others. Here are more than four hundred sculptures.
Sculpture insurer
Six years ago, an unusual set in the citya monument to an insurance agent. The idea of its creation belongs to the leadership of the company "ASKA". The sculpture depicts a modest man in a coat, with a hat in one hand and a briefcase in the other. Fans of Soviet films will immediately recognize Yuri Detochkin as a gentle, good-natured person. This is the main character of the cult Soviet film “Beware of the car”, the image of which is incomparably embodied on the screen the master of Soviet cinema - the genius Innokenty Smoktunovsky. The height of the bronze sculpture is about two meters. It is located at the intersection of Artem Street and Shevchenko Boulevard.
Botanical Garden
What are the known natural sights of Donetsk? Among them is the botanical garden, which was founded in 1964. It is among the largest in Europe.
Fifteen years ago he was given the statusnational treasure of Ukraine. At the moment, the garden area is about two hundred hectares. It is located along the Bogodukhovskaya beam. On its territory there are seven ponds. In addition to plants that grow in natural conditions, there are tropical and subtropical representatives of the flora, for which five greenhouses are equipped.
Museum to Vasily Stus
What other places to seeDonetsk? In 2002, a museum was opened in Gorlovka dedicated to an uncompromising human rights activist, teacher, translator, writer Vasily Stus. Despite a different time period, the fate of Stus recalls the life of Osip Mandelstam, Lev Gumilyov, Anna Akhmatova and other intellectuals who were victims of harassment by party officials and representatives of the criminal world. The museum contains photographs, prison clothes, documents from the KGB archives, magazines dedicated to Stus. It is remarkable that the lieutenant colonel of militia Oleg Fedorov became the creator. In 2012, the museum moved to Donetsk.
Railway Museum
Simultaneously with the establishment of large plants,the end of the nineteenth century, the railway was intensively developed in Yuzovka. By the 130th anniversary of its discovery, in 2000, the Museum of the History and Development of the Donetsk Railway begins to function. Here are collected exhibits of more than a century ago. These are Morse telegraph devices, an old book, dated 1909, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Catherine Railway, uniforms for workers and many other interesting exhibits.
Conclusion
Now you know the sights of Donetsk.There are in this city and beautiful monuments, and museums, and many other interesting places. We hope that the information provided in the article was useful to you.
