A380 - aircraft, the creation of which workedexperts of the concern Airbus S.A.S. It is the world's largest passenger airliner. The vessel reaches 24.08 m in height and 72.75 m in length. The wing span of the aircraft is 79.75 m. In a single-class configuration, it can carry 853 passengers, in a three-class configuration - 525. The maximum distance of a non-stop flight is 15,400 km.
The work of the creators
As noted by the developers, with the largestProblems had to be encountered in the process of searching for options to reduce the weight of the aircraft A380. The aircraft was made easier due to the wide use of composite materials when creating not only power components of the structure, but also auxiliary units, interior and much more. In addition, for these purposes, the most advanced technological solutions and modified aluminum alloys were used. Thus, 40% of the weight of the eleven-ton center-plate is made up of carbon plastics. For the production of lateral and upper fuselage panels, the hybrid material Glare is used. A significant reduction in the number of fasteners allowed laser welding of the skin and stringers of the lower fuselage panel.
Airbus A380 - the plane, the creation of which tookabout ten years. The cost of a grand project was twelve billion euros. According to Airbus representatives, in order for this amount to pay off, it is necessary to sell four hundred and twenty aircraft. Based on this information, you can calculate how much the plane costs. The amount is impressive - 28 million 571 thousand 428 euros for one copy.
How it all began
A380 - the plane, which began to develop withnext goals: to expand the range of products of the company Airbus S.A.S. and shift the Boeing-747 from the leading positions. The debate over the final configuration of the aircraft ended in 2001. The first constituent elements of the A380 wing were made in January 2002. According to initial estimates, the cost of the program varied between 8.7 and 8.8 billion euros. After the assembly of the first aircraft, this amount increased to 11 billion (later it was further increased).
Следует отметить, что неоценимый вклад в design model A380F made employees of the Moscow engineering center Airbus ECAR. Thanks to the efforts of Russian designers, a large amount of work was done on designing individual parts of the fuselage, strength calculations were made, on-board equipment was placed, and support was provided for the serial production of the aircraft.
Where parts are made and how they are transported
Specialists in France, Germany, UKand Spain are working to build the main sections of the airliner. Due to the large size of these components were delivered to Toulouse by water and land transport. Some parts still fit in the An-24.
Tail and nose elements of the fuselagein a horizontal way, they were loaded onto the ship Ville de Bordeaux (owned by the Airbus concern) in Hamburg to go to the UK. Barge in Mostin were delivered console wings, produced in Broughton and Filton. There, these elements were loaded onto the aforementioned Ville de Bordeaux board. In Cadiz, the ship received tail components and lower sections of the fuselage. Everything was unloaded in Bordeaux. From there, the constituent elements were transported to Langon, and then transported by land to Toulouse. Already assembled aircraft were sent to Hamburg for final equipment. The A380 is an aircraft that requires 3,600 liters of paint to cover (the total surface area is 3,100 square meters).
Testing
Modern aircraft in front of the immediatethe release of the flights are the most serious tests. No exception in this regard, and the model A380. Especially for versatile testing was built five aircraft. The first board was presented in Toulouse in January 2005. On April 27 of the same year, the first flight was made. The flight team consisted of six people led by Jacques Rossi - an experienced test pilot. A successful landing occurred after 3 hours and 54 minutes. after takeoff.
A series of test flights started on the first of December 2005. It was then that the aircraft reached an impressive speed of 0.96 max in the process of a gentle dive.
A380 - the plane (see photoabove), which made its first transatlantic flight on January 10, 2006. The beginning of the same year was marked by the first unforeseen situation: when conducting a static test at the Toulouse aircraft factory, the wing of one ship suddenly cracked, unable to withstand a load of 145% of its nominal value. As determined by aviation safety standards, no change in integrity should occur at a load that is 150% of the installed one. As a result, the leadership of the Airbus consortium decided to make changes in the design of the wings of the aircraft. Due to the addition of reinforcing elements, the total weight of the structure increased by thirty kilograms, fourteen of which comprised fastening bolts.
The first flight test of the A380 model with passengers on board was successfully conducted on September 4, 2006.
Design Features
A 380 800 is a modification intended for555 or 583 passengers transported (depending on configuration). In 2007, Airbus began to offer customers a vessel with a smaller capacity (525 seats) in exchange for increased flight range (it was able to make it more by 370 kilometers). This transformation has made it possible to achieve maximum compliance with the trends of premium class traffic.
There is another modification of the consideredAirbus. This is a cargo version of the A380-800F. The aircraft is capable of transporting up to one hundred and fifty tons of cargo. The maximum flight range is 10,370 kilometers.
In the future it is planned to produce jet passenger aircraft modification A380-900. They will have a greater capacity (656/960 passengers) with a similar range.
Pilots workplace
In order to reduce the cost of additionalcrew training all Airbus are built with the same location of the cockpit and flight characteristics. The A380 features a glass cabin of improved quality. The rudders can be manipulated remotely using electric actuators that communicate with the side control knob. In the cockpit installed the most modern devices for displaying information. These are nine interchangeable LCD monitors measuring 20 by 15 centimeters. Two of them are indicators of navigation data, two display basic information about the flight, two more inform about the operation of the engines, one provides data on the current status of the entire system. The remaining two monitors are multifunctional.
For refueling the aircraft in question, you can use a mixture of natural gas and aviation kerosene with GTL.
Materials used
Сколько стоит самолет Airbus A380?More than twenty eight million euros. The impressive amount required for one aircraft is largely due to the use of improved composite construction materials, including plastic and metal, reinforced with quartz, carbon and fiberglass. In addition, in the manufacture of aircraft are actively used aluminum alloys. In combination with laser welding, this eliminates the need for rivets.
Ensuring comfortable flight
As established by experts, the noise level in the cabinThe A380 is twice as low as the Boeing-747. In addition, the air pressure inside the aircraft under consideration is maintained at a higher level. Both of these factors are designed to ensure less fatigue of passengers during the flight.
Two stairs, located in the tail and bowparts of the aircraft, connect the upper and lower decks. The A380 has impressive individualization capabilities. That is why, as noted in the concern Airbus, the growth rate of production is not as high as previously thought. The aircraft can be equipped with a shower, a bar, a lounge, a Duty Free shop. Due to the presence of a satellite channel, a telephone connection or a wireless Internet connection (Wi-Fi) is organized for passengers.
Currently, air transportation in Russia using the A380 is not made. An order for four sides was issued, but so far none of them have been built.
Unexpected situations
The first state of emergency occurred on November 4, 2010.On that day, the Qantas-owned A380 flew from Singapore to Sydney. One of the engines of the aircraft failed within a few minutes after takeoff. The plane was forced to return to the airport in Singapore. As reported by the Australian authorities, none of the 433 passengers and 26 crew members were injured. In addition, the landing gear burst near the emergency side during landing. After this incident, the company's management decided to suspend all flights belonging to her Airbus A380 for two days before the completion of their detailed inspection.
The second incident occurred on April 12, 2011. Then the board, owned by Air France, hooked with its wing tail aircraft CRJ 700. No casualties.
Conclusion
Airbus A380 - the result of hard workdevelopers and manufacturers. This aircraft surpasses its closest competitors in a variety of parameters. How much is the plane, what are the features of its design and the process of creation? All these questions are answered in the above article.
