Novgorod is one of the main cultural centers.Russia. The city has a rich past. The historical monuments of Novgorod and its environs are distinguished by their original architecture. Also in the city originated and developed a distinctive school of national painting.
UNESCO list
Numerous monuments have survived.Novgorod culture constituting a unique architectural ensemble of the city. Some of them will be discussed in this article. It is no secret that many historical monuments of Novgorod and its environs are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. This is primarily:
- A unique cultural ensemble of 9-17 centuries.
- The architectural ensemble of the Novgorod Kremlin.
- Numerous ancient temples of the XIV-XVII centuries.
We will tell about the most remarkable and famous ancient temples of the city of Novgorod.
Christmas church
The temple was built at the end of the 14th century.It is located on the eponymous cemetery in the eastern part of Novgorod near the street. Fedorovsky creek. The church has preserved old frescoes, created by visiting masters. The painting has similarities with similar samples of the Serbian Moravian school. Today, the Church of the Nativity of Christ in Red Field (Novgorod the Great) is used as a museum.
Znamensky Cathedral
Majestic church building locatedon Ilyin - a street near the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior. The cathedral was erected in 1682. Earlier this place was a dismantled temple of the Sign of the Mother of God, referring to buildings of the 14th century. The cathedral was created at the initiative of Metropolitan Cornelius. Construction was made possible by the means of the House of Hagia Sophia. The construction was carried out by local carpenters. The capital's archers were also involved in the construction work.
The consecration of the cathedral took place in 1688.Prior to this, the temple was badly damaged by fire, but was rebuilt. In 1689, iconostases were equipped in the main altar and aisles. Their frames are made in the technique of "flamed" thread. The history did not preserve the names of many remarkable masters who participated in the creation of the iconostasis. Later, an ensemble of wall murals was created, made by Kostroma icon painters headed by Ivan Bakhmatov. Today, the Znamensky Cathedral is on the list of “Historical Monuments of Novgorod and the Neighborhood (UNESCO)”.
Description
The cathedral was built in the traditional Russianarchitecture manner. It is a five-domed, four-walled church with three apses. There is a basement and a two-story roundabout gallery. Facades are separated by paddles. They are completed with false zakomara, which are decorated with frescoes. Under them is the frieze with the “Peacock's Eye” pattern, characteristic of Moscow and Kostroma monuments of church architecture. The platbands on the windows are made of figured bricks. The gallery is decorated with tiled belts.
During the repeated reconstructions of the cathedral inlargely lost its original appearance. It is known that restoration work was carried out in 1745, as well as in 1844-1845. The need for repairs was caused by fires. The funds for the renewal of the cathedral at the end of the 18th century were donated by Countess A. A. Orlova-Chesmenskaya. In the course of numerous rearrangements, the forms of the main square and the western porch were changed. The porch on the south side was lost. The northern part was re-erected. Also turned out to be lost murals on the drums. On the original painting were made new entries. Some historical monuments of Novgorod and its environs were significantly damaged during the hostilities.
Restoration work
The war did not spare the Znamensky Cathedral.During the German occupation of Novgorod, barracks for German soldiers were set up in his building. A lot of icons were taken out. The carved frame of the iconostasis burned to the ground. Until now, the fate of many icons lost in the war years is unknown. Historical monuments of Novgorod and its environs were actively restored in the post-war period.
At this time (1950-1070 year of the XX century) wasMuch work has been done on the restoration of the cathedral and the restoration of its historical appearance. It was attended by the most experienced experts workshop (NSNRPM). The restoration work took place in several stages. Initially, the repair was carried out. In 1960, after its completion, the restoration of the cathedral began. It was carried out under the direction of G. M. Stender. Moscow artists G. S. Bakhtel and V. G. Bryusova took part in the restoration of the frescoes, as well as the artistic team of NNRPM.
Yaroslav's Court
Historical monuments of Novgorod and environsrepresented by another unique ensemble of structures of ancient Russian architecture, having the status of the reserve. Yaroslav's Court is named after the powerful prince Yaroslav the Wise. The princely palace was erected in the central part of the city near Torg. It was the most magnificent castle complex in the whole of Northern Europe. During the archaeological excavations near the palace, the remains of wooden pavements and the flooring of cow bones were seized. They connected the princely palace with St. Nicholas Cathedral and the temple of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa.
Not far from the palace was the famousVeche square with a wooden platform built on it. During his meetings, the highest Novgorod dignitaries stood on it. By Yaroslav's court adjoined the area. It was a place of brisk trade. Here, Novgorod and foreign merchants brought numerous goods: jewelry, fabrics, various spices, furs and other household items of that era. Restoration of the area also began in the postwar period.
Veliky Novgorod today
Since 1950, many have been restoredother historical monuments of Novgorod and the surrounding area. Archaeological excavations and scientific research in the city continue to this day. This land hides a lot of interesting secrets and mysteries, so they will occur more than a dozen centuries. Nowadays, the Yaroslav's Court, the Znamensky Cathedral and the Church of the Nativity of Christ are objects worth visiting in Veliky Novgorod.
A visit to this wonderful villagerecommended for tourists interested in national history. Having been in the city, you can significantly expand your knowledge in the field and see for yourself the numerous historical monuments of Novgorod and its environs. Veliky Novgorod is an object of unique cultural heritage not only of domestic, but also of world importance.
