The beginning of the industrial revolution in Russia wasis associated with the assertion of capitalism in the country. The development of this historical stage contributed to the introduction of machine production in factory conditions with the formation of the working class.
Industrial revolution in Russia began withthe introduction of steam power and working machines first in the light industry with a gradual transition to other areas of production. Machinery involved in the heavy, transport industry, and then agriculture.
Features of industrial revolution in Russiaconsisted in various forms of substitution of manual labor. At the same time, mechanization was introduced both in manufactory and handicraft production, and contributed to the creation of completely new branches of the industry.
The beginning of the industrial revolution in Russiafacilitated the transfer of the capitalist economy to the industrial level. The final phase of the approval of machine production was the regular production of "machines by machines." The beginning of the industrial revolution in Russia contributed to the creation of an adequate material and technical base for the capitalist system that was being formed.
The first half of the 19th century was accompanied by a processthe disintegration of feudalism and the formation of the capitalist way of life. It should be noted that it was characterized by extreme contradictions. This, to a large extent, was due to the diversity of all socio-economic conditions in the country with a huge territorial scale and the ruling class of landlords under the leadership of the tsar, which hindered development.
The most pronounced progress of capitalism was in theindustrial sphere. It was in it that the capitalist manufactory took the place of the basic form of production. In the advanced industries, optimal conditions for the founding of the first factories were formed.
In the second quarter of the 19th century is characterized as the final stage of creating prerequisites for an industrial revolution in the country.
An important factor that brought the beginningindustrial revolution in Russia, was the coexistence of the state on the world market alongside the developed Western countries, where the production revolution was developing quite rapidly by that time. The development of the industrial economy of these states contributed to the increased demand for exported Russian grain, technical raw materials.
In the fifties of the 19th century, external and internal factors maturing that brought about the fall of serfdom. At the same time, the industrial revolution is gaining momentum in the United States and Europe.
With the beginning of large-scale constructionrailways and steam vessels in these states, the rate of production is increasing. Events in other countries have a significant impact on Russia, with its feudal-serf system, experiencing a deep crisis. In the economic structure of the country, in the fifties the bourgeois system in the main spheres of economy is finally consolidated. At the same time, Russia remains deeply involved in the capitalist market of the world.
The abolition of serfdom in the country took place inconditions of acute political and economic necessity for the formation of new forms of economy on a capitalist basis. Of great importance was the irreconcilable struggle of the people against the feudal system.
The evolving industrial revolution provoked not only changes in the organization of the production process through the introduction of technology, but also brought about significant changes in Russian society.
The development of the industrial revolution in the firstseveral decades after the reform was characterized by extreme unevenness. High rates of formation of the machine industry were noted in large urban centers, while on the periphery the development of production took place against the backdrop of the continued preservation of survivals of serfdom.
