In the vocabulary of almost every personseveral thousand words. This number essentially depends on its level of education, erudition and general development. According to statistical data, the average volume of the adult's vocabulary is in the range of ten to twelve thousand words.
Характерной особенностью образованных людей можно call the proper and appropriate use of its linguistic reserve. The key to literacy in terms of words and concepts is the reference to the origins of word formation, as well as the search for reliable, undistorted information.
Definition of term
Слово «метод» имеет греческие корни.With a literal translation, it means "the path, following the path." Extended interpretation of the concept includes a set of actions, a sequence of steps or a set of techniques that are aimed at achieving a very specific task. That is, a set of goal-oriented activities is a method. The definition may vary slightly with the introduction of refinements regarding the types and specifics of the activities, but, on the whole, the essence remains unchanged.
Varieties of methods
The study of existing techniques, their variations and spheresapplication led to the creation of a classification. Given the ultimate goal, as well as the specifics of the actions undertaken, the main methods are distinguished as follows:
- Analytical.
- Deductive.
- Dialectical.
- Inductive.
- Intuitive.
- Scientific.
- Generalized.
- Experimental.
The concepts "methods" and "forms" should be distinguished, soas the first characterize the totality of activities and actions, and the latter - the way it happens. More illustratively, the difference can be illustrated by the example of the learning process. The methods by which teachers are guided are quite a lot and they also have their own classification, but among the main ones one can distinguish passive, active and interactive.
At the same time, the form of the organization of training can be day, evening, correspondence, stationary.
Analytical method: definition and features
The word "analyst", from whichthe name of the corresponding method, means "the art of analysis." This term involves the separation of the object under consideration into constituent elements, their research, measurement, study. Analytical methods of work involve the collection and processing of information received as a result of using other techniques.
Сегодня большинство аналитических операций is performed using computers. Their capabilities of simultaneous parallel, rather than sequential processing of raw data allow you to perform analytical actions with ultra-speed. This approach is used in most areas of scientific, economic, industrial activities to achieve various goals.
Deduction and deductive methods
To understand what a deduction method is,familiarization with its definition. According to the dictionary, this is a method of constructing predictions, inferences or conclusions about particular situations or about the characteristics of individual elements of the system. The deductive method is based on studying the general laws of a phenomenon or system. In other words, this is a study of the general for cognition of the particular.
Deductive methods are used:
- In scientific activity.
- In forensics.
- When learning.
- In economics, statistics, accounting.
- To conduct legal practice.
- As an aspect of medical research, as well as in many other important areas of human activity.
Given the characteristics of the deductive method,highlight that its effective use is possible only if there is reliable and proven baseline data. Since the logical conclusion is based on an analysis of the prerequisites, their content is essential.
What is the induction method
In contrast to the previously described deductivemethod, induction is the generation of a logical inference based on the transition from particular to general provisions. Inductive reasoning connects the source data with the conclusion, guided not only by strict laws of logic, but also with the help of some factual, psychological or mathematical ideas. An integral component of such methods are the general patterns inherent in all phenomena in nature.
Существует понятие полной и неполной индукции.In the first case, the method of inductive causality involves the processing of a finite number of particular prerequisites or cases. For a reasonable conclusion, it is necessary that the cases in question cover all possible aspects of the phenomenon.
The concept of "incomplete induction" is to put forward an assumption or hypothesis based on the study (observation) of selected particular cases. Naturally, such hypotheses need confirmation.
What method is called the dialectical
Summarizing a few definitions, we can say thatThe dialectical method is the method used to prove a statement or statement when considering and comparing two radically opposite views. The study of diametrically different points of view allows you to get a true picture of the whole.
Understanding what the dialectic method is,helps to restore the sequence of events in forensic science, law and psychotherapy. Dialectics is also widely used in scientific and economic spheres of activity. In economics, this method involves the study of business processes, as well as their laws during development and movement. This approach allows us to establish the interdependence of economic phenomena, as well as the features of their interaction. The dialectical method is effective for identifying existing contradictions and inconsistencies. It is also indispensable when searching for compromise solutions to meet the needs of the opposing sides.
The role of intuitive methods in the process of human activity
The exact opposite of analytical methodsdecision making and the formation of logical conclusions is intuition. According to the definition, intuitive methods of solving problems are human mental activity aimed at subconscious processing of initial data and issuing a quick result. As a rule, the experience, insight, "flair", empathy and imagination of a person influence the process of generating output.
Интуитивные методы не являются какими-нибудь supernatural, supramental or bypassing sensations, thinking and ideas. By and large, they are the result of a peculiar type of thinking. The formation of the method occurs when data processing and individual stages of the analysis process are performed almost unconsciously, but the result is very clear. Often, the result of intuitive methods is more successful than with a random set of actions, but less effective than using analytical and scientific methods.
Scientific method and its specificity
The scientific method is called a complex of methodsused to acquire new knowledge and develop algorithms for solving scientific problems. It is a set of techniques used to study the phenomena, organize, systematize and adjust the knowledge obtained or already existing. The formation of conclusions and conclusions occurs when using evidence obtained from empirical research. The main base used for data mining includes:
- Experiments
- Measurements.
- Observations.
On their basis they build theories and put forward hypothetical assumptions that become the basis for the construction of a mathematical description (model of the object under study).
Научный метод характеризуется объективностью и complete exclusion of subjective interpretation of the results. This condition is mandatory for the methods used in each science. It is categorically unacceptable to take for granted any assertions, even coming from recognized authorities in this field. There is a notion of independent verification. It would be impossible to conduct it without documenting observations, as well as the availability of raw materials, intermediate and final results for other scientists to familiarize themselves with.
This approach ensuresadditional confirmation of the successful reproduction of experiments or a critical assessment of the degree of adequacy of the experiment and the result relative to the theory that is being tested.
The concept of "generalized method"
The use of generalized methods allows the use of some systems designed to achieve a specific goal in other areas.
Generalized methods may have differentorigin (most often they are analytical or scientific), but through logical operations after the exclusion of species characters, they acquire a new meaning. These methods have a wider scope and less specific content.
Conclusion
Общая информация о том, что такое метод, allows you to better navigate when reading specialized literature, studying instructions and recommendations. Of particular importance is the familiarity with this concept for participants in the educational process.
