What are organs? This question may be followed by several different answers. Find out what definition of a given word, in what areas it is used.
Bodies are ... Definition
The term is ambiguous and is used in severalspheres. From the point of view of law, bodies are organizations, institutions that perform certain duties and tasks in public life. Most often, the term is found in biology, denoting a part of the body of a living organism — an animal, a plant, a fungus, or a human, which perform certain functions.
If you look, all the definitions, althoughrelate to different areas of life, have similar features. They are close to the third meaning, where organs are tools, instruments, means. In both biological and legal aspects, the body is part of the system, a link that has its own functions and tasks. That is, it is its means in achieving the result.
In the human body system, an organ meanslifeless object that supports our livelihoods. In the state system, it refers to an organization consisting of several people involved in the life of society. What can replace the word body? The synonym for "tool" is probably the best.
Controls
The structure that governs any areacalled the governing body. This may apply to the state, society, commercial enterprise. In most cases, the organs are subdivided into major and minor. In commerce, the main management body can be, for example, the board of directors, in the case of a joint-stock company.
In the state authorities are representedvarious institutions and organizations that may be specific (Ministry of the Interior, President of the Russian Federation, etc.) or generalized, for example, the Federal Service, etc. All of them are divided into higher, lower, local, regional, federal and central, differing in degree its influence.
State apparatus in various countriesdifferent in structure. It depends on the form of government (monarchy, republic, etc.), regime (democracy, dictatorship, etc.), political-territorial division of the country (autonomy, unitarism, etc.). A common feature for all is the presence of government and coercion.
In this regard, the supreme bodies - this is the executive(President, Monarch), Judicial (Supreme, Middle, Lower Courts), Legislative (Parliament, Duma, Shura) authorities. In the countries of totalitarian socialism, they are divided into courts, prosecutor's office, government bodies and government bodies.
General organ systems
Animal Kingdom includes a huge varietyspecies, including humans. Their organs differ depending on the group to which they belong, however there are some similarities. The main organ systems that are present in the representatives of the animal kingdom:
- Musculoskeletal.
- Digestive.
- Excretory.
- Sexual.
- Nervous.
- Respiratory.
- Cover slip.
- Immune.
The complexity of the body structure increases from lowerliving beings to higher. For example, flatworms, primitive in their structure, do not have arms, legs, paws, respiratory organs, vessels, unlike mammals.
Despite this, even the most primitive organisms usually have the excretory, digestive, muscular, and reproductive systems they need for their basic tasks: nutrition, movement, reproduction.
With the advancement of the hierarchythe number of systems and their organs, functions increases. So, for example, the musculoskeletal system of worms is represented by several muscles, when in mammals it has become a complex system with the skeleton, muscles and tendons. In birds, it is complemented by wings, in fish, by fins.
Common to many animals are the senses,they are represented by the mechanisms of sight, smell, hearing, taste, balance. They help to navigate in space, to warn against danger, to communicate, to recognize food and other objects.
Special organs of animals
The way of life and habitat of living organisms is reflected in their external and internal structure. Some have formed specific organs that distinguish them from representatives of other groups of animals.
In small hollows on the head of snakes arereceptors that are responsible for the recognition of heat. Thanks to them, reptiles can easily find warm-blooded prey even in complete darkness. A creeping lifestyle also developed their ability to feel vibrations much thinner than other animals.
Special glands can be consideredwhich weave a web. Only arachnids and foot-legged centipedes have such a remedy. With the help of cobwebs, animals build burrows, catch food, make cocoons for eggs.
Fish have a variety of specific organs.For breathing, many of them use gills, for swimming fins. Bony fish have a swim bladder that allows them to be at the required depth, while not sinking to the bottom and not emerging.
Human organs
The man in the animal hierarchy belongs to the classMammals and Primate detachment. The systems of its organs are the same as in all vertebrates. And the functions and structure of the body in many respects converge with mammals. The closest to the modern human species - Homo Sapiens - are African chimpanzees and gorillas. With them, we do not match less than 10% of genes.
Yet in terms of the organizational structuredifferent from monkeys. For example, one of our main organs, the spine, has a curved shape in the shape of the letter S, having deflections in the neck and waist. The pelvic bone is more dilated than that of our “next of kin”, and the arms and legs are more extended.
Thumb on a man's hand completelycontrasted with others, but on the legs this sign disappeared. In monkeys, it is still present. As a result of upright walking, the location of some muscles and tendons is different in our body. The brain is much larger than the same organ in chimpanzees. But our hair (these are also organs) has become smaller.
Conclusion
Organs are part of a coherent structure orsystem. Each of them performs certain tasks and functions. The term is used in several meanings. It can designate both a governing body in a commercial, public or state system, and a part of the body of a living organism.
