The name of this scientist is familiar to all.And if his achievements are an integral part of the school curriculum, then the biography of Albert Einstein remains outside its framework. This is the greatest of scientists. His work identified the development of modern physics. In addition, a very interesting person was Albert Einstein. A brief biography will acquaint you with the achievements, the main milestones of life and some interesting facts about this scientist.
Childhood
The years of the life of a genius - 1879-1955.The biography of Albert Einstein begins on March 14, 1879. It was then that he was born in the city of Ulm (Germany). His father was a poor Jewish merchant. It contained a small electrical workshop.
It is known that up to three years Albert did not sayhowever, he showed extraordinary curiosity in his early years. The future scientist was interested to know how the world works. In addition, from a young age he showed aptitude for mathematics, he could understand abstract ideas. At the age of 12, he himself, according to books, studied Euclidean geometry Albert Einstein.
Biography for children, we believe, by all meansshould include one curious fact about Albert. It is known that the famous scientist in childhood was not a child prodigy. Moreover, others doubted its usefulness. Einstein's mother suspected the presence of a congenital deformity in a child (the fact is that he had a big head). The future genius at school has proven to be slow, lazy, reticent. Everyone laughed at him. Teachers believed that he was practically not capable of anything. It will be very useful for schoolchildren to find out how difficult the childhood of such a great scientist as Albert Einstein was. A brief biography for children should not only be a listing of facts, but also teach something. In this case, tolerance, faith in one's own strength. If your child is desperate and finds himself unable to do anything, just tell him about Einstein's childhood. He did not give up, kept faith in his strength, as evidenced by the further biography of Albert Einstein. The scientist has proven that he is capable of much.
Moving to Italy
The young scientist was repelled by boredom andregulation in the munich school. In 1894, due to business failures, the family was forced to leave Germany. Einsteins went to Italy, to Milan. Albert, who was 15 at the time, took the opportunity to drop out of school. He spent another year with his parents in Milan. However, it soon became clear that Albert had to decide in life. After graduating from high school in Switzerland (in Arrau), the biography of Albert Einstein continues his studies at the Zurich Polytechnic.
Education at the Zurich Polytechnic
Methods of training in the polytechnic he fell notby liking. The young man often missed lectures, devoting his free time to studying physics, as well as playing the violin, which was Einstein's favorite tool all his life. Albert was able to pass the exams in 1900 (he prepared according to the records of a fellow student). So Einstein received a degree. It is known that the professors had a very low opinion of the graduate and did not recommend him any further scientific career.
Work in the patent office
After receiving the diploma, the future scientist becamework at the patent office as an expert. Since the evaluation of the technical characteristics of the young specialist usually took about 10 minutes, he had a lot of free time. Because of this, Albert Einstein began to develop his own theories. A brief biography and his discoveries soon became known to many.
Three important works of Einstein
1905 was a significant year in the development of physics.It was then that Einstein published important works that played a prominent role in the history of this science in the 20th century. The first of the articles was devoted to the Brownian movement. The scientist made important predictions about the movement of particles suspended in a liquid. This movement, he noted, is due to the collision of molecules. Later, the predictions of the scientist were confirmed by experiment.
Albert Einstein, a brief biography and discoverieswhich is just beginning, soon published a second paper, this time on the photoelectric effect. Albert expressed a hypothesis about the nature of light, which was nothing less than revolutionary. The scientist suggested that under certain circumstances light can be considered as a stream of photons — particles whose energy corresponds to the frequency of the light wave. Almost all physicists immediately agreed with the idea of Einstein. However, for the theory of photons to gain recognition in quantum mechanics, it took 20 years of hard work of theorists and experimenters. But the most revolutionary work of Einstein was the third, “Toward the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”. It is unusually clearly outlined the ideas of what (of the special theory of relativity) Albert Einstein. A brief biography of the scientist continues with a short story about this theory.
Private theory of relativity
She destroyed ideas about time andspace that existed in science since the time of Newton. A. Poincaré and G. A. Lorenz created a number of provisions of the new theory, but only Einstein could articulate its postulates in physical language. This concerns, first of all, the principle of relativity, as well as the presence of a limit on the speed of propagation of a signal. And today you can find statements that supposedly even before Einstein the theory of relativity was created. However, this is not true, since in WHAT the formulas (many of which Poincaré and Lorenz really brought out) are not so much important as the correct bases from the point of view of physics. After all, it is from them that these formulas flow. Only Albert Einstein was able to uncover the theory of relativity in terms of physical content.
Einstein's view of the structure of theories
At first, the perception of work was ambiguous.Albert Many representatives of the scientific community simply did not understand them. This situation has arisen because of the specific views of Albert Einstein on the structure of theories, as well as on the relationship between them and experiments. Einstein recognized that experience is the only source of knowledge. However, he was convinced that theories in science are creations of human intuition, therefore the bases on which a good theory is built do not necessarily have to be logically connected with experiment and experience. According to Einstein, the ideal theory should be based on the minimum number of postulates and at the same time cover the largest number of phenomena. Because of the "stinginess" on the postulates of the work of Albert Einstein were difficult to reach for colleagues. Nevertheless, a number of outstanding physicists supported the discoveries of the young scientist. Especially among them are Max Planck. This scientist helped Albert to move from Zurich, first to Prague, and then to Berlin, where he occupied the position of director of the local Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics.
General Relativity (GR)
Albert Einstein worked from 1907 to 1915 onThe new theory of homing, based on the principles of the theory of relativity. The path that led Albert to success was tortuous and difficult. The main idea of GR, built by him, is the presence of an inseparable connection between the geometry of space-time and the field of aggression. Space-time in the presence of a mass of masses, according to Einstein, becomes non-Euclidean. He has a curvature, which is the greater, the more intense in this area of space the field of aggression. Albert Einstein presented the final equations of the UTO in December 1915, during a meeting in Berlin of the Academy of Sciences. This theory is the pinnacle of Albert's creativity. She is reputedly one of the most beautiful in physics.
Eclipse of 1919 and its role in the fate of Einstein
Understanding of GR, however, did not come immediately.The first three years this theory interested a few specialists. Only some scientists understood it. However, in 1919 the situation changed dramatically. Then, by direct observations, it was possible to verify one of the paradoxical predictions of this theory - that a ray of light from a distant star is bent by a field of the Sun. Testing is possible only with a total solar eclipse. In 1919, the phenomenon could be observed in those parts of the globe where there was good weather. Due to this, it became possible to carry out accurate photographing of the position of stars at the moment of eclipse. Equipped with British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington, the expedition was able to obtain information that confirmed Einstein's assumption. Albert literally one day became a worldwide celebrity. The glory that fell upon him was immense. For a long time, the theory of relativity has become a subject of debate. Articles about her were filled with newspapers all over the world. A lot of popular books were published, where the authors explained to the average people its essence.
Acknowledgment of Academia, Einstein's Controversy with Bor
Finally, the recognition came in scientific circles.Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 (although for the theory of quanta, and not for general relativity). He was elected an honorary member of a number of academies. Albert's opinion has become one of the most authoritative in the world. Einstein in the twenties traveled around the world. He participated in ongoing international conferences around the world. The role of this scientist was especially important in the discussions that took place in the late 1920s on quantum mechanics.
Споры и беседы Эйнштейна с Бором по этим problems have become famous. Einstein could not agree that in some cases quantum mechanics operates only with probabilities, and not with exact values of quantities. He was not satisfied with the fundamental non-determinism of the various laws of the microworld. Einstein's favorite expression was the phrase: "God does not play dice!". However, Albert in disputes with Bohr, apparently, was wrong. As you can see, geniuses are wrong, including Albert Einstein. Biography and interesting facts about him are complemented by the tragedy that this scientist endured due to the fact that everyone is prone to make mistakes.
The tragedy in the life of Einstein
The scientific activity of the creator of GR in the last 30years of life, unfortunately, was unproductive. This was due to the fact that the scientist set himself a task of great magnitude. Albert intended to create a unified theory of all sorts of interactions. Such a theory, as is now clear, is possible only within the framework of quantum mechanics. In the prewar period, moreover, very little was known about the existence of other interactions besides gravitational and electromagnetic. The titanic efforts of Albert Einstein, therefore, ended in nothing. Perhaps this was one of the biggest tragedies in his life.
The pursuit of beauty
It's hard to overestimate the value of Albert's discoveries.Einstein in science. Today, almost every branch of modern physics is based on the fundamental concepts of the theory of relativity or quantum mechanics. Perhaps no less important is the confidence that Einstein instilled in scientists through his writings. He showed that nature is knowable, showed the beauty of its laws. It was the pursuit of beauty that was the meaning of life of such a great scientist as Albert Einstein. His biography is coming to an end. It is a pity that in one article it is impossible to cover the entire heritage of Albert. But how he made his discoveries is definitely worth telling.
How Einstein created theories
У Эйнштейна был своеобразный способ мышления.The scientist singled out ideas that seemed disharmonious or incomplete. However, he proceeded mainly from aesthetic criteria. Then the scientist proclaimed a general principle, restoring harmony. And then he made predictions about how certain physical objects would behave. The stunning results were given by this approach. Albert Einstein coached the ability to see the problem from an unexpected angle, rise above it and find an unusual way out. When Einstein fell into a dead end, he played the violin, and suddenly the solution came up in his head.
Moving to the USA, last years of life
In 1933, the Nazis came to power in Germany.They burned all the scientific work. The Albert family had to emigrate to the United States. Here, Einstein worked at Princeton, at the Institute for Basic Research. In 1940, the scientist refused German citizenship and officially became a US citizen. The last years he spent in Princeton, worked on his grand theory. Minutes of rest, he devoted to skating on the lake on a boat and playing the violin. April 18, 1955 Albert Einstein died.
Albert's biography and discoveries so farstudied by many scientists. Some studies are quite curious. In particular, Albert's brain after death was studied for genius, but they did not find anything exceptional. This suggests that each of us can become like Albert Einstein. Biography, a summary of the work and interesting facts about the scientist - all this inspires, is not it?
