Houses and on the street we can hear a lotsounds: the footsteps of a man, the ticking of a clock, the sound of rain, the singing of birds, the horn of a car. However, the sounds of human speech stand apart and differ from others, because with their help you can form words. It is known that all sounds of the Russian language are divided into two groups: consonants and vowels. With the formation of vowels for air there is no obstruction in the oral cavity. But in the case of the pronunciation of consonants in the oral cavity there is a barrier. So, what can be consonant sounds, what groups do they divide into, what does the expression “paired consonants” mean?
Deaf and sonorous consonants
The division into these groups is as follows.way: voiced consonants are pronounced with the help of noise and voice, but the deaf consist of one noise. The first and second can form a pair of deafness / voicing. The correlative pair is represented by 12 rows. For example: "d" - "t", "g" - "k", "z" - "s" and others. Such sounds are paired consonants. But not all consonants can be paired. They are not formed by voiced "n", "m", "l", "d", "p", as well as deaf "c", "x", "u", "h". On the letter, the sounds are indicated by the corresponding letters. It is important to be attentive. Paired and unpaired consonants at the end of a word or in the middle before a consonant may sound the same, but be indicated by different letters. To check their spelling, you need to find a word with the same root so that after the checked consonant there is a vowel, and the sound does not leave doubts in spelling. For example:
grb - grisbs, gripp - grisppozny;
pot - potnew (cavity), pod - podnew (castle).
Depending on the position of the language in the pronunciation of sounds, all consonants are divided into hard and soft. These are different phonemes. There are paired consonants and unpaired. Examples of pairs: "in" - "in, ", "to" - "to, ", "p" - "p, " other. Icon (,) denotes the softness of the sound during transcription.Pairs do not form soft "u", "h", "d", as well as always solid "sh", "f", "c". Of course, it is very important to distinguish between paired consonant sounds hard and soft. Sometimes they even distinguish words. For example:
mate mol, mél - Ils
AT "myel and mell "selected consonants - soft, and in words"mol "and" mel " - solid. Thanks to this particular pronunciation, words are not confused.
When writing words, the softness of consonants can be indicated in the following ways:
- With the help of "ь". For example: skates, elk, hit.
- Using the letters "and", "I", "e", "e", "u". Here are these cases: the wheel, planted, the ball.
It is important to remember that in the middle of a word before a consonant, softness is not indicated by a soft sign in the following combinations: "St", "schn", "nt", "psch", "chn", "chk", "nsch", "lf". Pay attention to the words:LFinarschita moart.iki. In the selected combinations, the first consonant is heard softly, but is written without a soft sign.
The letters "I", "e", "e", "u" can representvowel sounds "a", "e", "o", "y" + the softness of the consonant in front of them. In other cases (at the beginning of a word, after a vowel sound, after "ь", "ъ") they mean two sounds. And before the sound "and" consonants will always be pronounced softly.
So, it was possible to notice that the creation of pairs isa feature very characteristic of the system of consonants of the Russian language. Paired consonants are combined into groups and simultaneously opposed to each other. Often they help to distinguish words.
