The word "verb" is associated with the word "verb",which means "speak". What does it mean? Probably, that without a verb human speech is impossible at all. These words, denoting the action, create a picture of movement, events. And events in our life are connected with time: they either have already happened, or are happening now, or will happen in the future. Therefore, one of the main morphological features of the verb is its tense.
Past, future, present tense
Past tense verbs help to stateinformation about the events that took place in the past. In such cases, the sentence often contains time circumstances that indicate actions that have already occurred. For example:
- Yesterday I bought textbooks and school supplies.
- A month ago, the boy went to school.
- Last year our youngest was seven years old.
- I was looking forward to the holidays.
Verbs of the present tense are used inproposals for when it is necessary to say that now, at the moment, is happening in the world, or about what is happening constantly for a long time. For example:
- Children learn.
- The boy is doing his homework.
- The guys are sitting at their desks.
The future tense of the verb is used to communicate what has not yet happened, but will occur in the future. Such sentences also often use time circumstances. For example:
- Soon I will learn to read and write.
- Tomorrow at the school will be held matinee.
- Mom will send me to school every day at 8 o'clock.
- In the summer we will be preparing for school.
Past tense verbs
This section is dedicated to the past tense verbs. They, as mentioned above, indicate that the event took place in the past. Past tense verbs vary in numbers. For example:
- My son went to the first class - "went" - the verb unit. h
- First-graders today for the first time sat at the desk - "sat down" - pl. h
In past tense verbs, ending -and:
- walk - walked;
- look - watched;
- write - write;
- read - read;
- play - played;
- sit down - sit down;
- clean - cleaned;
- wish - desired.
Past tense verbs vary by kind in the singular:
- The house stood on the shore of the lake (masculine).
- The sun stood at the zenith (middle race).
- The heat was incredible (feminine).
Род глаголов в прошедшем времени зависит от the words with which they are associated. If the noun or pronoun is masculine, then the past tense verb will be masculine (the house stood). The words of the neuter gender are coordinated with the verb of the neuter gender (the sun was standing), the feminine - with the verbs of the feminine gender (the heat was).
Formation of past tense verbs
The past tense verbs are formed as follows.
We take the infinitive, that is, an indefinite form, to which we can ask the questions: "What to do?", "What to do?" Separated from him -t. To what remains (producing basis), attach l. In practice, this happens as follows:
1. Select the base, that is, take part of the word without -t.
2. Attach past past verb suffixes to the base. For example:
- read - read + l (read);
- play - play + l (played);
- sow - sow + l (sow);
- dispel - dispel + l (dispelled);
- hear - hear + l (heard).
Spelling of past tense verbs
With the formation of verbs figured out.The next point to which you should pay attention - spelling. The past tense form of the verb is formed by attaching to the base of the suffix -l. Pupils should be aware of the “Vowels before l” spelling. The rule that you need to know when choosing this orthogram is formulated as follows: before –l- we write the same letter as before. For example:
- thaw - thaw;
- glue - glue;
- to blow - blown;
- deflate - deflate;
- roll out - rolled out;
- hang up - hung up;
- to hang - ravechal;
- peck - pecked.
Morphological analysis of past tense verbs
If you know what verb suffixes arepast tense, it’s easy to isolate such words in the text. For example, we will make a morphological analysis of verbs from the sentence "A little boy hoped and believed that his mother would buy him a computer."
In the word "hoped" you can safely distinguish the suffix-l- If we change the form of the word in order of time, then we can find out that the verb has another suffix: not appearing - I hope (hope - this is the root, - I - is a verbal suffix). Since we know that past tense verbs vary in numbers and cases, we can easily distinguish the ending. In the word "hoped", the ending is zero, because the endings expressed in letters in past tense verbs can be:
- -and (plural);
- -a (u. h. feminine);
- -o (unit of the middle type).
Zero ending matters numbers husband kind of.
If the ending is not expressed in any way by letters, then xia is a suffix (returnable).
In the word "believed" the past time suffix -l-. We change the form of time: believe, believe. Hence, the verbal suffix - - -. The ending is zero, not expressed by the letter, which means that the gender is male. The root of the word is ver.
Practical work
1. What are the numbers of sentences, where the time of the verb in italics is incorrectly defined:
1. We waited for the guys soon will come (future time).
2. I immediately after class to section going (future).
3. Homework I made last night (past).
4. I am in a few days will go in the theater for the play "Buratino" (the future).
5. I remembered the play and thought, huddled in a corner and I'm sitting (the present).
6. In the yard all day makes a noise rain (present).
7. very soon we leave in the sea (present).
8. I went to the station, and you will collect everything you need for the first time (past).
9. You already drove (past)?
10. This time we will do in a different way (future).
11. I doing gymnastics for a year (past).
12. From the age of ten she won the competition (past).
13. Over the forest and the field hung a rainbow (past).
14. Mom is coming soon from work (the future).
2. Past tense verbs vary in numbers and gender. Form past tense data from these verbs and change them:
- cherish;
- to lay;
- wipe;
- cheat;
- grind;
- depend.
Answers
1. What are the numbers of sentences, where the time of the verb in italics is incorrectly defined:
2) going - present time;
eight) will collect - future time;
eleven) doing - present time.
2. From the given verbs form the past tense form and change them:
- to cherish - cherished, cherished, cherished, cherished;
- to lay - to lay, to lay, to lay, to lay;
- wiping - wiping, wiping, wiping, wiping;
- deceive - deceived, deceived, deceived, deceived;
- grind - grind, grind, ramololi;
- to depend - depended, depended, depended, depended.
