Chemistry is a science that has served for a long timepeople in their daily practice. This discipline plays a huge role in modern production, without which human civilization could not exist. But such a high level of development, it achieved only thanks to the works of famous scientists who devoted their lives to chemistry.
Avogadro: the closed genius
One of the outstanding scientists-chemists isAmedeo Avogadro. He was born in Italy, in the family of an official. In 1792 he received a diploma in law. His father was also a well-known expert in the field of law. Having started working in the legislative sphere, Avogadro, in his spare time, is engaged in the study of physics and mathematics. Only in 1820 he received the title of professor of physical and mathematical sciences.
Famous chemists of that time note thatAvogadro was a very closed person, so many of his ideas remained unclear for them. Recognition in scientific circles Avogadro received after confirmation of his famous theory, later called "Avogadro's law." Avogadro also established the quantitative composition of many chemical elements, created a method for determining molecular masses.
Biological and scientific interests of Boyle
A significant role in the development of chemistry is played bythe achievements of Robert Boyle. He was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland. As a child he received home education, and then was sent to Eton School, specially created for the children of wealthy aristocrats. In 1656, Robert Boyle moved to Oxford, where he began to manifest his interest in physics and chemistry. Boyle established friendly relations with young scientists who were keen on science. Together they created something like a secret society, which later became the Oxford Scientific Society.
Famous chemists of the time confirm thatBoyle did not like disputes, and avoided even the scientific controversy, which was often humorous. Boyle formed the concept of the so-called "primary corpuscles" (basic elements) and "secondary corpuscles (complex bodies). In his book called "Skeptical Chemist" Boyle first determines the elements - "the original bodies that are not composed of each other." In addition to chemistry, Boyle's studies were devoted to the fields of optics, acoustics, and electricity.
Werner's research
Alfred Werner was born on December 12, 1866 inthe family of the turner. After the end of primary school, Werner enters the technical school and is fond of chemistry. He begins to put chemical experiments directly at home. In addition, the young scientist is interested in literature and even architecture. Chemist Alfred Werner received the Nobel Prize for the authorship of the so-called coordination theory. In addition, Werner created his own theory of acids and bases, and also proposed his version of the periodic system of elements. In 1913 he received the Nobel Prize.
Niels Bohr's achievements in chemistry
Famous chemists around the world to this dayenjoy the achievements of Niels Bohr, who was more known for his research in the field of physics. Niels Bohr created a quantum theory of the hydrogen atom. In it he explained the features of the rotation of electrons and mathematically described the various states of the atom.
Niels Bohr was born on October 7, 1885 inCopenhagen in an intelligent family. In the house of his parents discussions were often held on burning scientific questions. During his studies at Copenhagen University, Bohr received a medal from the Danish Academy of Sciences. Other well-known chemists - mainly Ernest Rutherford - studied together with Bohr questions of the radioactivity of the elements and the structure of the atom.
Svante Arrhenius is a chemist from Sweden
Another outstanding researcher in the field of chemistry- Svante Arrhenius. He was born on February 19, 1859 in Uppsala. In 1876 he entered the university, and six months earlier received a Ph.D. in Philosophy. Since 1881, Arrhenius begins the study of aqueous electrolyte solutions at the Stockholm Physical Institute. In 1903, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for the authorship of the theory of electrolytic dissociation.
It is known that Arrhenius possessed good-natured andcheerful character. At one time he was known not only as a scientist, but also as the author of textbooks and articles on astronomy and medicine. Scientists of chemistry for a long time did not recognize his achievements: for example, his theories were sharply criticized by Mendeleyev. Subsequently it turned out that the views of both researchers form the basis of a new, so-called proton, base theory in chemistry.
