Despite the fact that children begin to study the concept of "related words" already in the first grade, high school students do not feel very confident in completing assignments for the selection of related words.
Why?
I am sure that difficulties are caused by unsteady knowledge of the composition of the word and insufficient vocabulary of schoolchildren.
I propose an algorithm, using which schoolchildren can quickly match related words to any part of speech.
First, we define what are called related words. Related words are similar in meaning tokens (words) with the same root, but different prefixes and suffixes.
Example: clan - relative - geek - relatives - to give birth - maternity - clan.
All words are close in meaning, have the same root - rod-.
Remember: words that differ only in endings are not related. This is the form of a single word. Example: table - table - table (ending indicates different cases of one word).
It should be borne in mind that etymologicallyrelated words today can vary significantly in meaning. Examples: space - cosmetics, veteran and veterinarian, long and genuine. If the etymological meaning of words is difficult, you need to refer to the etymological dictionary.
And now we learn to identify and select related words.
- Change the word to find its base. Dining room: dining room, dining room, no dining rooms. The basis of the word will be the table
- We determine from what this basis is formed. The word "dining room" is an adjective derived from the noun table.
- Adding suffixes and prefixes to the root, we form related words:
TABLE - PRESTOL - STOLIK - PLACE - TABLE CHAIN.
It is sometimes difficult to determine exactly which root is common for related words. To define it, do so.
- We change the word to determine its basis: meeting: no meeting, talk about the meeting. The basis of the similarity.
- We try to change the beginning and the end of the word: descent - to descend, descend, walker, come, go, come. The root is-going-.
Now a little theory: in Russian, related words can be formed in the following ways:
- Prefixal (prefix): world - re + world, move - in + move.
- Suffixal: peace - peace + ok, peace + yana, peace + marketing.
- Prefixally suffixed: peace - at + peace + enie, move - in + move + yaschy.
- Postfixal: any - some, some, some. In this case, related words form a postfix, which is attached to the whole word.
- Adhesion: highly paid - highly paid, quickly soluble - instant.
- Truncation: specialist - specialist, computer - comp.
- Abbreviated: Russian Federation - Russian Federation, automatic teller machine - ATM.
- By the addition. Here are a few options. Whole words (bed-sofa, chair-bed), their parts (steamer, plane), or part of a word with a whole (milk tanker, cement truck) can form.
Forming kindred words should not be let outout of mind, homonymy: a phenomenon where the roots of words, having completely different meanings, sound and are written the same way. So a series of words: vodka-water-water - is not akin to another series: the driver - the wiring - the wires.
