Economic geography: what is agroclimatic resources?

Agroclimatic conditions in each country canbe rich or scarce. Or a country may have different zones, where there is both a high level of resources and their almost complete absence.

As a rule, high diversityagro-climatic resources observed in countries with a large area. Among them are the following states: Russia, China, India, Australia, USA, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. In order to fully present the overall picture, it is necessary to understand what agroclimatic resources are and what their presence affects.

What are agroclimatic resources?

Agroclimatic resources are the established climate conditions on a certain territorial unit, determining one or another agricultural activity.

Agroclimatic resources of the world are usually evaluated as favorable and unfavorable.

In order to understand how the possibility of agricultural activity is assessed, it will be necessary to understand in detail what agroclimatic resources are and what factors influence their indicator.

Agroclimatic resources of a particular regionare determined by the ratio of light, heat and moisture. This indicator identifies a number of crops that can be grown in this area. They are distinguished by temperature, moisture and light. There are countries with both homogeneous natural conditions, and with their great diversity.

Next, we consider the conditions in Russia and Asia.

Agroclimatic resources of Russia

Russia is a country that is located in variousclimatic zones with different intensity of solar energy. This factor makes it possible to grow a wide range of crops with different requirements for light, heat and moisture.

Of all the factors most reactsplant on air temperature. The main processes occur in the range of 5-30 degrees Celsius. Deviation from this range leads to inhibition of growth and processes. With a strong deviation from the norm, the plant dies.

Temperatures above + 10 degrees are considered lower.limit effective vegetation of plants. To obtain a crop of a particular crop, a plant must “accumulate” a total amount of positive temperatures above ten degrees. Each culture has its own indicator, respectively, and its own requirements for conditions.

Agroclimatic zones of Russia

Agroclimatic resources of Russia in the northern regions have increased moisture and lack of heat and light. In such conditions, only focal farming and greenhouse farming is possible.

In the northern part of the temperate zone in the taiga subzone, the climate is somewhat milder. Potatoes, rye, barley and legumes can be grown in this region.

Somewhat further south, in the zone of mixed forests andforest-steppe, the climate is warmer and the length of the day is longer. In this agro-climatic zone, rye, wheat, maize, flax, hemp, sugar beets can be grown, as well as the cultivation of grapes and gardening.

The best combination of agro-climatic resources was formed in the territory of the Central Black Soil Region, the North Caucasus and part of the Volga region.

The sum of the temperatures of the growing season is 2200-3400 degrees Celsius. Under these conditions, it is possible to grow winter and spring wheat, corn, soybean, sunflower, vegetables and fruits.

Over most of the country, the sum of the temperatures ofThe growing season is in the range of 1000-2000 degrees Celsius. What are agroclimatic resources and what role do they play in the formation and activity of agriculture in this case? The answer is obvious. Based on international experience and economic efficiency, such conditions do not contribute to the ability to compete and have profitable production.

As a rule, in developed countries, such farming zones are subsidized to ensure the state. Profitability of the agricultural sector directly depends on this indicator.

Agroclimatic conditions of the Asian region

The territory of Asia includes more than fortycountries. About four billion people live in this part of the planet. Nutrition of the population depends on the agricultural activities of countries, which is determined and limited by certain climatic conditions.

Agroclimatic resources of Asia are characterized by a high amount of heat. However, the amount of moisture in its greater part is small, and in some regions excessive.

The following countries have optimal conditions for agricultural activity: Bangladesh (about 70% of the area has been plowed up), India (166 million hectares), China (93 million hectares).

On the rest of Asia, focal agriculture is being conducted, or only crops of overmoistened growing areas are grown.

On the main part of Asia there are vast territories of mountain ranges, deserts and semi-deserts.

Despite the fact that seventy percent of irrigated land is located in Asia, they are sorely lacking. The reason is the fast-growing population and soil erosion.

Agroclimatic conditions of Kazakhstan

As for the former CIS countries, located onthe territory of Asia, the largest territory is Kazakhstan. The geographical location of the country corresponds to the states located in the Mediterranean region with a humid subtropical climate.

However, agro-climatic resources of Kazakhstan areorder below. Its climate is extremely continental. This is explained by the fact that the country's territory is located more than a thousand kilometers from the seas and oceans. Therefore, throughout the country a dry summer with low rainfall. In winter, Siberian cold frosts prevail.

The greatest amount of precipitation falls in the highlands of Altai.

Cotton, wheat, tobacco, fruit, and melons and gourds are grown on the territory of irrigation and the maximum amount of precipitation.

Conclusion

Agroclimatic resources of each countrydetermine its agricultural activities and the life of the population. If the conditions are favorable, the country is able to provide food for its citizens and not be dependent on foreign policy.

When agro-climatic resources are scarce, then, as a rule, the population of the country is starving, and the state is dependent on the external market for products. An example is many countries in Africa and Asia.