Sergey Yesenin - biography and creativity of the poet. When is Sergei Yesenin's birthday?

Sergey Yesenin.The name of the great Russian poet - a connoisseur of the people's soul, a singer of peasant Russia, is familiar to every person, the poems have long become Russian classics, and on the birthday of Sergei Yesenin, admirers of his work gather.

Oh, you, sleigh! What a sleigh!

The bells are frozen aspens.

My father is a peasant,

Well, I am a peasant son.

Sergei Yesenin: the biography of the Russian poet

Ryazan Oblast. Village Konstantinovo.In 1895, a poet was born, whose works and admirers of his work today admire. October 3 is the birthday of Sergei Yesenin. Since childhood, the boy was on the education of a wealthy and enterprising maternal grandfather, a great connoisseur of church literature. Therefore, among the first impressions of the child are spiritual poems, sung by wandering blind men, and fairy tales of his beloved grandmother, which prompted the future poet to his own creativity, which started at the age of 9.

Sergey graduated 4 classes of local Zemskyschool, although he studied for 5 years: due to unsatisfactory behavior was left on the 2nd year. He continued to receive knowledge in the Spas-Klepikovsko parochial school, which trained rural teachers.

The capital of Russian cities: the beginning of a new life

В 17-летнем возрасте уехал в Москву, устроился на a job in a butcher shop where his father served as a clerk. After a conflict with the parent, he changed jobs: he moved to a publishing house, and then to the printing press as a proofreader. There he met with Izryadnova Anna, who gave birth to him, a 19-year-old, in December 1914, the son of Yuri, who was shot in 1937 under a false sentence about the attempted murder of Stalin.

During the period in the capital, the poet tookparticipation in the literary-musical circle them. Surikov, joined the rebellious-minded workers, for which he received the attention of the police. In 1912, he began attending the classes of the People’s University A. Shanyavsky as a volunteer in Moscow. There, Yesenin received a degree in arts education, listening to lectures on Western European and Russian literature. Sergei Yesenin’s birthday is known to many admirers of his work - October 3, 1895. His works have been translated into many languages, are included in the compulsory school curriculum. In today's time, many are interested in what kind of relationship the poet lined up with the fair sex, did women love Sergei Yesenin, did he reciprocate? What (or who) inspired him to create; to create so that a century later his poems are relevant, interesting, loved.

The life and work of Sergei Yesenin

Первая публикация произведений Есенина состоялась in 1914 in the metropolitan journals, and the beginning of a successful debut was the poem "Birch". Literally a century after Sergey Yesenin’s birthday will be known to almost every schoolchild, but for now the poet has stepped onto his thorny road leading to fame and recognition.

In Petrograd, where Sergei moved in the spring of 1915year, believing that all literary life is concentrated in this city, read his works to Blok, to whom he personally came to get acquainted. A warm welcome by the environment of the famous poet and the approval of their poems inspired the envoy of the Russian village and endless fields for further work.

Recognized, published, read

Sergey Yesenin's talent was recognized by N. Klyuev., Gorodetsky S.M., Remizov A.M., Gumilyov N.S., acquaintance with whom the young man was obliged to Block. Almost all the poems brought were published, and Sergei Yesenin, whose biography to this day has attracted the interest of the poet’s work, has become widely known. In a joint poetic performances with Klyuev before the public, stylized under the folk, peasant style, the young golden-wise poet appeared in morocco boots and embroidered shirt. I became acquainted with the society of “Novo-peasant poets” and he was fond of this direction. The key theme of Yesenin's poetry was Peasant Russia, the love for which permeates all his works.

В 1916 году был призван в армию, но благодаря he received an appointment as an orderly to the empress Alexandra Feodorovna’s military-sanitary train, which allowed the poet to attend literary salons, perform at concerts, attend receptions of patrons of art without interference.

Peasant Russia in the works of the poet

The October Revolution took its own joyous andenthusiastically wrote a series of small poems "Heavenly Drummer", "Inonia", "Jordanian Pigeon", imbued with a premonition of future changes; Sergey Yesenin's life and work were at the beginning of a new, still unexplored path - the path of glory and recognition.

In 1916, Yesenin’s debut book was released.“Radunitsa”, enthusiastically met by critics who discovered a fresh direction in it, the author’s natural taste and his young spontaneity. Then, from 1914 to 1917, “Goluben”, “Rus”, “Marfa-Posadnitsa”, “Mikola” were published, marked by some special, Esenin style with the humanization of animals, plants, natural phenomena, forming together with man related to nature, a holistic, harmonious and beautiful world. Pictures of Yesenin Rus - a reverent, almost religious feeling of the poet, are painted with a subtle understanding of nature with a drowning furnace, a dog zakut, unmowed haymaking, marsh swamps, herd snoring and a horned deer.

The second marriage of Sergei Yesenin

In 1917, the poet married Reich Zinaida Nikolaevna, from a marriage with which Sergei Yesenin’s children were born: Konstantin’s son and Tatiana’s daughter.

At this time, the real one comes to Yeseninpopularity, the poet becomes popular, he was invited to various poetic evenings. In 1918 - 1921 he traveled a lot around the country: Crimea, the Caucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. He worked on the dramatic poem "Pugachev", in the spring he traveled to the Orenburg steppes.

In 1918-1920, the poet became close with Mariengof A.B., Shershenevich VG, Ivnev R. and carried away with imagism - a post-revolutionary literary and artistic movement, which was based on futurism, which claimed to build "the art of the future", completely new, rejecting all previous artistic experience. Yesenin became a frequent visitor to the literary cafe “Stalis Pegasus” in Moscow at the Nikitsky Gate. The poet, who sought to know "the commune of rebellious Russia," only partially shared the aspiration of the newly created direction, the purpose of which was to clean the form of the "dust of content". He still continued to perceive himself as a poet of “Rus' leaving.” In his poems appeared motifs of life, "ruined by the storm," drunk remote, replaced by hysterical melancholy. The poet appears as a brawler, a ruffian, a drunkard with a bloody soul, wandering from a brothel to a den, where he is surrounded by "alien and laughing rabble" (collections Moscow kabatskaya, Confessions of a hooligan and Poems of a brawler).

В 1920 году распался трехлетний брак с З. Рейх.Sergei Yesenin’s children each went their own ways: Konstantin became a famous football statistician, and Tatiana became the director of his father’s museum and a member of the Writers' Union.

Isadora Duncan and Sergey Yesenin

In 1921, Yesenin met a dancerIsadora Duncan. She did not speak Russian, the poet, who read a lot and was highly educated, did not know foreign languages, but from the first meeting, looking at the dance of this woman, Sergei Yesenin, irreversibly reached for her. The couple in which Isadora was 18 years older did not stop the age difference. Most often he called his beloved “angel”, and he called her “Isidora”. Isadora's immediacy, her fiery dances drove Esenin crazy. She also perceived him as a weak and unprotected child, treated Sergei with reverent tenderness and even eventually learned a dozen Russian words. In Russia, Isadora’s career did not work, because the Soviet authorities did not provide the field of activity on which she was counting. The couple registered the marriage and took the common name of Duncan-Esenin.

After the wedding, Yesenin and his wife traveled a lotin Europe, visited France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Belgium, USA. Duncan made every effort to create a PR for her husband: she organized translations of his poems and their publication, arranged poetic evenings, but abroad he was recognized only as an attachment to a famous dancer. The poet was depressed, felt unclaimed, useless, he was depressed. Yesenin began to drink, there were frequent heartbreaking quarrels between spouses with departures and subsequent reconciliations. Over time, Yesenin’s attitude toward his wife, in which he had already seen not an ideal, but an ordinary aging woman, changed. He was still getting drunk, occasionally tapping Isadora, complaining to friends that she was sticking to him and not sticking out. The couple broke up in 1923, Yesenin returned to Moscow.

The last years of creativity Yesenin

In the future work of the poet is very criticaldenounces Soviet power (“Country of Scoundrels”, 1925). After this begins the persecution of the poet, the accusation of fights and drunkenness. The last two years of his life were spent on regular journeys; Sergey Yesenin is a Russian poet, he was hiding from judicial persecutions, he traveled to the Caucasus three times, went to Leningrad and constantly visited Konstantinovo, never interrupting his contacts with him.

During this period there are works "Poem of 26","Persian motifs", "Anna Snegina", "Golden grove dissuaded." In verses, the main place is still occupied by the theme of the motherland, which is now acquiring shades of drama. This period of lyricism is increasingly marked by autumnal landscapes, motives for drawing conclusions and saying goodbye.

Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ...

Осенью 1925 года поэт, пытаясь заново начать family life, combined with marriage with Sophia Andreevna - granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But this union was not happy. Sergey Yesenin’s life was going downhill: alcohol addiction, depression, pressure from leading circles caused the wife to place the poet in a mental hospital. Only a narrow circle of people knew about it, but there were well-wishers who contributed to the establishment of round-the-clock observation of the clinic. The Chekists began to demand the release of Yesenin from P. B. Gannushkin, a professor at this clinic. The latter refused, and Yesenin, after waiting for a convenient moment, interrupted the course of treatment and left the mental hospital in a crowd of visitors and left for Leningrad.

December 14, finished work on the poem "Blackman ", which spent 2 years. Published work was after the death of the poet. On December 27, from the pen of Sergey Yesenin, his final work “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye” came out. The life and work of Sergei Yesenin came to an end, terrible and incomprehensible. There was no Russian poet whose body was found hanged in the Angleter Hotel on the night of December 28, 1925.

On the birthday of Sergei Yesenin, to honor his memorygather in all corners of Russia, but the most large-scale events take place in his native Konstantinov, where thousands of admirers of the poet's creative work come from all over the world.