Declination of the noun: table. Table of declensions of nouns by case

Oh, this declension ...When studying a noun, it is this topic that forces one to break his head in order to memorize all the unstressed endings in all kinds of cases and numbers. How to determine the declension of nouns? The table and examples will facilitate the task! Let's try to figure it out and become a bit more literate!

What is declension?

The declination of a noun (a table of examples is given in the text) is a change in the case of a word and its number. Consider the examples in the table.

Declination table of nouns by caseshows that all nouns are divided into groups depending on what endings they acquire in the form of a particular case. Accordingly, all words related to one elephant will have the same set of endings. Knowing how to determine declension, you can avoid mistakes in writing the endings of nouns in a weak position, in other words - not under stress.

How many declensions can a noun have?

Declination table of nouns byThe cases in the previous section showed that any words of the same declination in the form of the same case will have the same endings. It presents the three most common types of declension of our language. But he, as you know, is very rich, and there are no simple rules in it. In addition to the three presented there are other types of declensions.

So, what types of declensions exist? The most common are the first, second and third declensions.

A separate group consists of words that end in th: intention, crime, reconciliation, etc.

The next group is words ending in -and I: mania, Natalia, waist, session, commission, etc.

There is a small group of words ending in -mewhich also lean in a certain way:time, tribe, etc. Such words are called sporadic nouns (a separate paragraph of the article will be devoted to them). Words such as path and child are also considered deviating.

Finally, there are words that cannotvary neither in cases, nor in numbers, and in all forms they "look" the same. These are non-declivable, or immutable, nouns: kangaroo, kiwi and others.

Why do you need to be able to determine the declination?

How to determine the declension of a noun,the table will tell us a little later. But very often the question is about why do this? Why memorize all these cases, endings, many "special" words that need to be remembered? But for what. Take for example the word "path": I walk along the path, or i walk along the path? How to be? Which letter to choose? And here is another word: "winter". It is also feminine with the ending -a. We put in the same case: (to whom? What?) - winter. But we already know that all words of one declension acquire the same ending when they change. So you need to write like this: i go by (to whom; to what) path. The issue is resolved!

How to determine the declension of the noun? The table and examples in the following paragraphs will help not to be mistaken in this rather simple question!

Nouns 1 declensions

These are feminine and masculine words that have endings in their initial form. -a or -I (recall that the initial form for the noun is the nominative case and the singular).

Words of feminine with such endings in Russianthere is a lot of language: mother, Masha, pajamas, apartment, work, daughter and many, many others. There are fewer masculine words, but they are also very common: dad, grandfather, Vasya, Petya and other male names.

The table of nouns of the 1 declension compares the words with the shock and unaccented ending to show that all the words of this declination will have the same endings.

It is recommended to learn the endings (flexion) of the genitive case, dative and prepositional, as they most often cause difficulties.

Nouns 2 declensions

These are masculine words that have a zero ending (it is not expressed by a letter in the nominative case, but “appears” in other forms) and neuter with endings -o, -e: a raft, a horse, a lake, a sea, a field, etc. The table of nouns of 2 declensions will show which endings acquire words when changing by case.

Как видим, в винительном падеже одушевленные и inanimate objects have different endings. But difficulties can cause only forms of the prepositional case with an unstressed ending, so you should remember that in this form you need to write -e.

Nouns 3 declensions

These are feminine words with a zero ending. They all end in a soft sign: a mouse, a brooch, an area, a passion, and so on. Let's see what endings get these words in different forms.

It is very easy to remember: in the forms of the genitive, dative and prepositional cases such words acquire an ending -and.

Nouns on -s,

The word "aspiration" is neuterrefer it to 2 declension; the word "mantle" is feminine, but does not change as the word 1 of declension. The declination table of nouns in the cases will show the difference in the endings.

As can be seen from the table, the words on th differ from words 2 declinations only in the prepositional case, and words on -and I from the words of 1 declension - in the dative and prepositional.

It should be remembered that words ending in s, in all forms behave like words 1 declensions. Therefore, for example, the forms of the same name Natalya and Natalia will be inclined differently: (give) to Natalia, Natalia, (to speak) about Natalia, about Natalia.

Decimal endings table of nouns

Summarize the table of case endings of words belonging to different declensions.

Hopefully, it will not be difficult for anyone to choose the right ending and determine the declension of nouns in Russian. The table has explained everything in great detail.

It should be noted that th and -and I cannot be distinguished as a separate morpheme, ending. In this case, it's just letters that the word ends with. The morpheme composition of such words is the topic of another article.

Declination of nouns in the pluralThe number (the table here, in general, without need) very rarely causes difficulties, since the letters are mostly clearly audible. In the dative, instrumental and prepositional cases in the plural for all three declensions, the endings will be the same. We propose to independently decline any words in the plural and make sure of this.

Dissimilar nouns

Differing words among nounsRussian language a bit. Why are they discrepant? Because they can not be attributed to any one declination, in different cases they "behave" differently. These are words ending in -me (there are only about ten), the words "path" and "child." Let's look at the peculiarities of the declination of the essential names in the Russian language (table) - those words that are considered to be devoid of different words.

As you can see, the word "child" is leaning completelyin a special way. The word "way" in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases "behaves" as the word 3 declension, and in the creative, as the word 2 declension. Well, the words ending in -me, in oblique cases, get the suffix -en-.

These words must be memorized in order not to err in choosing the right ending.

Unkillable words

Basically these are borrowed words - comefrom other languages. They can designate the names of animals, plants, dishes, as well as the names or surnames of people, the names of objects. Having come to our language, such words have retained the peculiarity of not changing their form, getting into the sentence. In whatever case or number you need to put such a word, it will sound the same.

• Pour me coffee - admire morning coffee - talking about coffee.
• This is my cockatoo — I don't have a cockatoo — give the cockatoo food — remember the cockatoo.
• Roman Dumas - devoted to Dumas - writes about Dumas.

Declaring such words in a sentence is wrong andilliterately. Everyone knows the phrase-joke "I sit in the kin on the first row with a poprosokoy in the tooth." Let's not be like the hero of this joke! Inclined words should be used correctly, and unknowable and do not need to change.

Let's sum up the results

The definition of the declension of nouns (table above) is not at all a complicated process that will help you to avoid mistakes when writing. Let's try to summarize all of the above.

There are three main declensions in the Russian language, but there are still special words ending in -and I and -no, and a few different words. Words are divided into three main groups depending on the gender and ending in the nominative case.

All words of one declination in oblique caseshave similar endings. They can be learned not to be mistaken. And you can do it differently: instead of a word with an unstressed ending, substitute any word of the same declination, but whose emphasis falls on the ending. The letter in the ending of these words will be the same!

Words on -and I and th They are not included in the three main groups, because they change in cases and numbers in a special way, and their case endings must be remembered.

You should also remember a small group of differently pronounced words. Their set of endings do not coincide with any of the above declinations, therefore they require special attention.

And finally, indecisive words: they do not change, in whatever context they are used. Encourage words such as cinema, coat, coffee, purse, kangaroo, - a sign of low literacy and general culture.

Надеемся, что статья оказалась полезной и помогла understand such a difficult topic as the declension of a noun. The table and examples were clear, and therefore the choice of the correct ending is now not difficult.

Be literate!