The main categories of pedagogy are ... The concept of pedagogy

In this article we will reveal to you the concept"Pedagogy" and what it does. Even if you are not a teacher, you will become a parent in the future, and it will be useful for you to learn that the main categories of pedagogy are very important factors that you need to work on. Moreover, it is necessary not only to know what categories these are, but also to understand what they are and what they express. It is for this introduction that we prepared this material.

What is pedagogy?

Before learning the main categories and conceptspedagogy of higher education, and we are interested in this particular industry today, we will understand what “pedagogy” is. This science, as a separate structure, arose relatively long ago. We understand that as long as a person lives and develops, the experience of all those close to him is passed on to him. With each generation, such experience was updated, and new achievements accumulated. In the end, all the knowledge about how to properly train and educate a person and a person was singled out into a separate science, which we know by the name of “pedagogy”. It is worth noting that it summarizes the many sciences of natural and social nature, and is a collection for everything that studies the process of personality formation.

History of occurrence

The word "pedagogy" comes fromthe ancient Greek word "child" - paidos and the word "message" - ago. The name itself already hints at the fact that science is studying ways of forming the personality of a person, starting from childhood. Since ancient times, teachers have been doing what we now call pedagogy. In those hours, only respected people could be engaged in such a craft, mostly they were monks and priests, and in some countries government officials. In Russia, such a person was called “master”, and there were no separate establishments where specialists of such a profile were trained.

Later, when a separate science was highlighted, and itspersonalities began to purposefully prepare, began to close the discipline apart. They identified the main categories of pedagogy of higher education. These categories will be discussed in detail in order for the reader to understand how they differ and how they interact.

Main categories and concepts of pedagogy

So, among them there are three most important:

1. Upbringing
2. Education.
3. Training.

Every understanding person reading these threeconcepts, immediately realize that they are closely related. If we talk about education in general, this is a thoughtful and planned process of becoming a person, giving it a form. It takes place under the influence of many environmental factors and may be different.

As for education, with timeit becomes an integral part of the process of educating a person. We know that this is a voluminous, but short-term period, when a person absorbs necessary knowledge, acquires skills and masters skills, and also develops his special abilities. But how does a person get an education? Of course by learning. And here we see another connection. Training is considered as work in a pair of teacher and student, when the first instills some knowledge, and the second learns them. And now let's talk more about each of the categories.

Education

We have already named the main categories of pedagogy, theirinterconnection and how one proceeds from the other and is part of the third. If we talk separately about education, then there is also bilateral work. On the one hand, the “educator” must:

• to convey all the experience that has been gained by the human race;
• introduce the ward to the cultural world;
• strongly encourage him to curiosity, self-education;
• help solve difficult life issues, find solutions to difficult problems.

But not only the "educator" acts in this process. In response, he should work and ward. Is he:

• gradually absorbs everything that is presented to him, draws conclusions from the experience of previous generations, masters all the necessary basic cultural skills;
• engaged in self-development;
• learns to communicate with people and behave in different situations and in different environments.

And only with full interaction a positive result is possible.

Consider several spectra of education:

• wide - here the state and the school have an impact on the pupil;
• narrow - the work is carried out on the basis of the collective of the institution (kindergarten, school, circle, etc.);
• extremely narrow - the pupil interacts directly with the teacher.

There are a number of different types of education independing on what specifically the process is aimed at, what values ​​and skills are being developed. So, allocate mental, labor, physical, moral, aesthetic education, etc.

Education

Having considered the main categories of pedagogy and communicationbetween them, we understand that education cannot exist in isolation from parenting or training. It's impossible. Therefore, this category is understood as:

• system criteria;
• the result of the educational process;
• a set of education and training with the addition of self-education;
• human development of the knowledge that he needs in life.

For this purpose, the world operates many different institutions. They are divided by age categories, geographical criteria, and here we can include:

• Kindergarten;
• school (gymnasium, lyceum, boarding school);
• college;
• technical College;
• institute;
• university;
• the academy;
• house of creativity (everything related to leisure activities).

All these institutions follow each other tothe life of the person and intercept the baton. The main thing in this process is that they all act on one result - the formation of a full-fledged developed figure, a worthy representative of his generation.

Training

Describing the main categories of higher educationschools and their characteristics, we can not ignore the training, because in this way a person receives an education. Since learning is an interaction between two parties, we will consider both sides. So, on the one hand there is a teacher who should:

• transfer knowledge to the student;
• share life experience with him;
• develop the desire for self-improvement;
• adjust the process of acquiring knowledge;
• does everything that is necessary to create an enabling environment for learning.

On the other hand, the student, without whose response, no good result will be obtained. Therefore, we emphasize that the student must:

• to teach all that the teacher conveys to him;
• carefully follow all his instructions and recommendations;
• perform all the tasks that are needed to master the subject of study
• strive for self-learning;
• initiate a search for additional information in the sources;
• try to analyze, think and draw conclusions.

With this interaction, we get the ideal result of training, and as confirmation - a diploma of education (secondary, technical, higher).

Functions of science

We figured out that the main categories of pedagogy are education, education and training. But pedagogy is multifaceted and has many functions that are worth mentioning separately.

1. The study of various phenomena in pedagogy,consideration of laws, patterns. This means that the availability of the experience of the older generation, the relevance of acquired knowledge with the requirements of society and the state, etc. are monitored.
2. Also to the function of pedagogy is the duty to substantiate all the principles, methods and forms of the educational and learning processes.
3. The need to study advanced pedagogical experience is important, and you need to create a new theory on its basis.
4. A useful feature is the research factor. Here the role is played by the ability not only to come up with a certain scheme, but also to implement it in real activity, applying it in practice.
5. Work on new techniques. It is about how the student interacts with the teacher, what forms of communication are used and so on.

The task of pedagogy

Now knowing exactly what the main categories arepedagogy are education, education and training, we can formulate the main task of pedagogy. It sounds about the same in all countries: To organize the educational process, taking into account the peculiarities of the historical period and the nationality of a person. If we talk about more specific tasks in our time, here we can distinguish several main ones:

• improve the structure of education and its content;
• develop new approaches to learning;
• to modernize the forms and methods of education;
• make a more democratic and humane schooling process;
• optimize the preparation of the individual for professional activities.

Preschool Pedagogy

I would like to say a few words about preschool pedagogy. After all, our children begin the process of learning in kindergarten. So, the main categories of preschool pedagogy are:

• education;
• development;
• formation;
• training.

We see a slight difference from what weused to read about high school, but it is understandable. At the initial stage of the formation of the personality, the tasks are different, and we still need to grow to the main stages, although upbringing and training are present even there. As for development, it means changes that occur to a person over the years under the supervision of a caregiver. Formation also implies the full development of the child in the process of education, taking into account the social environment. It must be remembered that the formation of a personality begins at a very young age, and one should not miss this moment, and underestimate this period of a person’s life.

Branches of pedagogy

Now, after reading all the information, you know exactlythat the main categories of pedagogy are three main factors that we have examined in detail. But in addition to the categories in this science, industries are distinguished, depending on what exactly this area is doing. The essence of each industry is clear from its name. We will not analyze each of them, but for familiarization we will list the most basic ones:

• "History of Pedagogy".
• "Comparative Pedagogy."
• "Preschool Pedagogy".
• "Age pedagogy."
• “Special pedagogy” (for children with physical and mental disabilities).
• "Professional Pedagogy".
• "Corrective labor pedagogy".
• "Therapeutic pedagogy."

And this is not all areas that are part of this science, whose benefits can not be underestimated.