When we talk about pedagogy, then at once for some reasonwe imagine a strict school teacher with glasses and a pointer in her hands or a gray-haired university professor broadcasting on the intricacies of upbringing. But after all, pedagogy is not only school education and university education. Today we will talk about preschool pedagogy.
Preschool pedagogy is an industrypedagogical science, which is engaged in the study of the upbringing and education of children of preschool age. That is, it is the foundation, the foundation of the future personality. That is why the requirements for preschool teachers are very, very high.
A pre-school pedagogy began to emerge asscience is influenced by the famous educational scientist, one of the “fathers” of pedagogy, Jan Amos Comenius. He first drew attention to the fact that children need, as we like to say, “to be engaged” from birth, that only an integrated approach in upbringing and education yields worthy results. He outlined all of his fabrications about this and the main provisions of pre-school pedagogy, its functions and roles in the formation of personality in the book “Mother School”, which has not lost its relevance in our days.
Задачи дошкольной педагогики весьма общирны.First, this is the study and qualitative improvement of the educational process of the youngest children. Secondly, preschool pedagogy is developing new forms and methods of upbringing and education, which implies research, psychological and pedagogical research and experimentation. But the main task, after all, is the direct work with the child, the formation of his views, beliefs, cognitive abilities, the ability to express one’s own Self, the laying of foundations for further education and upbringing.
Previously, it was believed that the child should be givento develop independently in the direction in which it would be good for him, “not to interfere with nature”, and already school teachers will correct everything. So the children went unchecked for the most part. With the development of human thought, due to the fact that interest in psychology and pedagogy has increased many times, that we can now talk about the stages of personality formation, starting from birth, preschool pedagogy has become an integral part of the life of any human society. It flourished in the late 19th and 20th centuries. A special influence on its development was rendered by J.-J. Rousseau, who put forward innovative ideas of natural education, labor education at that time; Pestalozzi, who proclaimed the principle of self-development, FVFrebel, who became a theorist of preschool education and devoted a considerable part of his scientific work to covering this issue. It was Frebel in 1840 that he opened the first preschool institution, named after Kindergarten (literally from kindergarten - kindergarten), where modeling, role-playing and educational games were considered the basis of education.
Дошкольная педагогика развивалась не только thanks to the western luminaries. The Russians contributed significantly to its development. For example, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, who is called the “teacher of teachers”, has developed a system for training teachers, which is used in a somewhat augmented form to this day. Ushinsky advocated for the holistic and harmonious development of the personality, for refusing to prioritize the development of some qualities to the detriment of others, for the education of morality.
Speaking of preschool pedagogy, it’s impossible notmention Adelaida Semenovna Simonovich. She was not only a theorist of preschool education (she wrote the manual “Practical notes on the individual and social education of young children”, further published as “Kindergarten”), but also worked as a practitioner in kindergartens of Tiflis and Petersburg. Moreover, she herself opened a paid kindergarten in St. Petersburg, where in practice she proved her theories about the significance of the unity of physical and spiritual development.
As you can see, preschool pedagogy has gone a long way and today is the process of its active development.
