The whole world around us is a material andspiritual, living and nonliving - is called in one word - Nature, the mother of everything on Earth and around it. The most important element of the natural world of the Earth is the biosphere. The composition of the biosphere includes, first, all living organisms, starting from the simplest unicellular, bacteria and ending with such a complex system as man, and secondly, the so-called planetary substance formed by the interaction of living organisms and inanimate nature.
Thus, the biosphere consists of:
- living matter (in the generalized, collective meaning) ;,
- biogenic substances (the result of vital activity of organisms is coal, gas, peat, etc.);
- inert matter (meteorites coming from outer space, rocks thrown to the surface during volcanic eruptions, continental platforms, etc.);
- a biocose substance - a product of mutual influence of living matter and stagnant (air, water, soil).
Biocosic matter, as defined, isbiosphere substance, which is a synthesis of the results of the work of living matter and inanimate nature. For example, manure is a residual product produced by animals in the process of consumption and processing of food. A person adds it to the soil as a fertilizer. After complex chemical reactions, manure turns into humus. Both the composition of the soil and its chemical formula vary.
Biocosmic substance of the biosphere - soil, rocks, salt and fresh water, contained in natural natural reservoirs.
The term "biosphere" was first used inThe 18th century was the famous French botanist Lamarck. And the Austrian geologist Suess and the Russian scientist Vernadsky devoted more than one year of life to studying this part of the earth's shell. In their opinion, the biosphere evolved in an evolutionary way, and its driving force Vernadsky considered the biochemical energy of living matter, living matter. And it is the activity of living organisms that creates and transforms the surface shell of the Earth. The organisms themselves, as well as what they produce during their lifetime, becomes a significant geological lever that contributes to the destruction of rocks on the planet, the cycle of substances in nature, the change of the water and air envelope around our planet, that is, in fact, development of the lithosphere, its upper layers. In these processes, the biocosmic substance plays one of the most important roles. After all, the state of the soil and natural waters depends, in many respects, on the "work" of living matter, and the weathering of the crust, geological shifts - from inert processes. The dynamic balance of both, their interaction provides the biosphere with biogeochemical energy.
It can be argued that the biocosic substance hasrather complex structure. Its base of mineral origin, however, undergone to the strongest changes on the part of living organisms (composition of soil, water, air). Bio-derived sources include fossils such as shale, limestone, oil, mud, etc., which are the final product of the decay and processing of dead plants and animals by bacteria. Thus, the biocosmic substance is considered as a product of the synthesis of the living and non-living in nature.
Biocosic substances form whole in naturesystems that interact with each other. Their distinctive feature is the mutual penetration of living, organic matter and inanimate, inert. When cycling occurs in bioscale systems, they do not return to their original state in their state, but are on a new one, i.e. develop progressively.
In turn, the biocose systems of the Earth forma single ecosystem. The species and number of living organisms within it are determined both by the habitat, and by the metabolism and energy released by them. Such a single ecosystem is the biosphere of our planet.
