Consider the specifics of interpersonal relationships:structure, elements, functions, dynamics. Contradictions occur not only in the family, at work, but also between states, therefore this issue is relevant and timely.
Features of the contradictions
Conflict functions are an important aspect that allows for a deeper understanding of the relations between the parties. Without such an awareness, it is difficult to understand the depth of contradictions, to look for a solution to them.
Constructive conflict functions
Among them are:
- Cognitive. The emergence of a conflict situation is a symptom of unfavorable relations between subjects, a manifestation of the contradictions that have appeared.
- Developmental. It is the conflict that acts as a tool for resolving the emerging contradictions.
- Instrumental. Contradictions are a problem solving tool.
- Perestroika With the help of conflict, it is possible to remove factors that undermine interpersonal interactions, which stimulates the formation of normal relations between the participants in the dialogue.
Destructive conflict functions
They are associated with the following parameters:
- destruction of existing joint activities;
- the collapse or deterioration of relationships;
- bad feeling of the parties to the conflict;
- minimum effectiveness of subsequent cooperation.
Advantages and disadvantages
Highlight the positive features of the conflict.These include the reduction of tension between the warring parties. Conflict gives you the opportunity to receive new information about your opponent. There is a consolidation of the company's team in the fight against one external enemy.
Among the advantages of conflict situations can also be noted the stimulation to the development and changes, the elimination of submissive syndrome in subordinates, the diagnosis of additional opportunities.
With the right approach to the problem, you can determine the causes of the problem, eliminate them, move to a new level of relationships.
Now select the negative functions of the conflict.They involve significant emotional, material costs from all participants. The result of the contradictions is the dismissal of employees, a decrease in the psychological and social climate in the team, a decrease in labor discipline.
According to the results of the conflict, an idea is formed about the defeated subjects, as well as about their opponents ("enemies").
The negative functions of the conflict have a destructive effect on cooperation between individual team members; it is rather difficult to restore business relationships after a problem situation.
Elements and structure of interpersonal conflict
A systematic investigation of conflicts allowed to single out in them separate elements
- subjects with their personal characteristics, goals and motives;
- supporters of the situation;
- cause of controversy.
Conflict functions characterize the connections between individual elements. Since the constituent parts of conflicting relationships are systematically changing, we can talk about the constant development of the conflict.
It can cause dissatisfaction and decrease in the efficiency of labor, cause unproductive competition with other people considered as hostile groups.
Strengthening these qualities leads to the fact thatinstead of solving a specific problem, significant importance is attached to achieving “success” in the current conflict. It not only weakens communication, but also causes the destruction of business relations.
Specificity of destructive functions
The negative functions of social conflict are that contradictions make it difficult to achieve goals. Destruction leads to the following consequences:
- dissatisfaction, poor state of mind, staff turnover, deterioration in the quality of work;
- reduce the degree of cooperation in the future, the destruction of the system of established communications;
- absolute loyalty to the group and unproductive competition with other parts of the team;
- ideas about the other side of the conflict as an enemy;
- full termination of relations between the parties;
- increasing hostility between factions, the appearance of hostility and hatred between them;
- emphasis shifting;
- the possibility of preparing for another round of conflict, a violent solution to an emerging problem.
Important points
Analyzing the main functions of the conflict, we note that the destructiveness and constructiveness of the relationship is important to consider in certain situations:
- in the absence of clear criteria for differences between them;
- in the course of a conflict, there are major changes in the relationship.
Sometimes the line between pros and cons in relationships is lost, which can cause different consequences for both sides of the conflict.
Conflict typology
Taking into account the organization of society, the formation of conflict situations occurs at a certain level:
- between individuals;
- groups;
- large subsystems or systems;
- States.
In social psychology, the following types of conflicts of the individual. In this case, there are acute negative experiences of a person, which are generated by conflicting desires.
For example, in Freud's psychoanalysis, such a conflictregarded as the result of a contradiction between moral feelings, instinctive impulses, real demands. By their nature and content, such situations are caused by contradictions of motives, interests, self-esteem of the individual. They are accompanied by negative experiences, serious emotional stress.
Interpersonal conflict can be constructive and destructive in nature, leading to positive or negative consequences for an individual.
It can be based on various reasons:
- the contradiction of basic needs;
- the difficulty of choosing between different behaviors.
The functions of political conflicts are associated with a serious misunderstanding between government bodies and structures.
An example of such conflicts is the armed invasion of one state into the territory of another country. The reasons that lead to such situations can be different:
- the desire to master the material and natural resources;
- thirst for the development of new territories;
- attempt to prove their advantage over rivals.
Conclusion
В последнее время все чаще возникают ethnic conflicts based on national characteristics. They are the most dangerous, often accompanied by armed attacks between parties to the relationship.
There is a classification of conflicts horizontally. In this case, the participants in the relationship are employees who are not subordinate to each other.
Vertical relationships arise between the boss and subordinates. Psychologists distinguish various types of conflicts, taking into account the specifics of their occurrence, participants in situations.
For example, H. Bisno outlined six options:
- conflicts of interest arising from the intertwining of obligations;
- forced disagreements that are intentionally created by the individual to achieve the goal;
- falsely related, confusing for reasons and content;
- illusory conflicts based on misunderstanding and misperception of the situation;
- substituted contradictions in which antagonism is directed at the individual;
- expressive conflicts involving hostility between individuals.
Американский психолог М.Deutsch proposed his own classification of conflict situations. He paid attention to the conflict of interests between the participants, the random appearance of contradictions, mixed and false conflicts. Of course, regardless of the type of problem situation, its causes, the specifics of the course, it is important to take adequate measures in a timely manner. In the absence of due attention to the contradictions, the situation is exacerbated, leading to serious problems.
For example, when there are serious conflictsbetween the employer and his immediate subordinates there is often a negative attitude towards the supervisor. He loses credibility in the eyes of employees, it is difficult for him to establish business relations. This is reflected in the performance of the company. For commercial entities, the result of a conflict may be bankruptcy.
If there is a misunderstanding betweengovernment structures in the country usually show serious contradictions, they have a negative impact on the economic and political situation of the state. This often leads to serious armed clashes between states, the death of civilians.
