Today, robotics is becoming verypopular. Schoolchildren such lessons help to form and develop critical thinking, learn how to creatively approach the process of solving problems of different levels of complexity, as well as gain teamwork skills.
New generation
Modern education moves to a new roundits development. Many teachers and parents are looking for an opportunity to interest children in science, instill a love of learning and charge them with the desire to create and think extraordinarily. Traditional forms of presentation of the material have long lost their relevance. The new generation is not like its progenitors. They want to learn lively, interesting, interactive. This generation is easily oriented in modern technologies. Children want to develop in such a way that they not only keep up with rapidly developing technologies, but also directly participate in this process.
Many of them are interested in: “What is robotics? Where can you learn this? ”
Education and robots
This academic discipline includes suchsubjects like engineering, programming, algorithms, mathematics, physics and other disciplines related to engineering. The World Robotics Olympiad (World Robotics Olympiad - WRO) is held annually. In the field of education, this is a mass competition that allows us to better understand what robotics is for those who are confronted for the first time with a similar subject. It provides an opportunity to try their hand at participants from more than 50 countries. The competition attracts about 20 thousand teams, which include children from 7 to 18 years.
WRO main goal:development and popularization of NTT (scientific and technical creativity) and robotics in the youth and children's environment. Such Olympiads are a modern educational tool of the XXI century.
New opportunities
To better understand the childrenRobotics, at competitions applied theoretical and practical skills obtained in the classroom as part of the club work and the school curriculum for the study of natural science subjects and the exact sciences. Enthusiasm for robotic discipline gradually develops into a desire to learn more deeply such sciences as mathematics, physics, computer science and technology.
WRO is a unique opportunity for her.participants and observers not only learn deeper what robotics is, but also develop the creative and critical thinking skills that are so necessary in the 21st century.
Training
Interest in educational disciplineRobotic direction is growing every day. The material base is constantly improving and developing, many ideas that have recently remained a dream are reality today. The study of the subject "Fundamentals of Robotics" became possible for a large number of children. During lessons, children learn to solve problems with limited resources, process and assimilate information, and use it in the right direction.
Children learn easily.The current younger generation, brought up on various gadgets, as a rule, has no difficulty in mastering the discipline "Basics of Robotics", subject to the availability of desire and craving for new knowledge.
It is necessary to state the fact that even adultspeople are harder to retrain than to teach pure, but eager, childish minds. A positive trend is the enormous attention to the popularization of robotics among young people on the part of the government bodies of Russia. And this is understandable, since the task of modernizing engineering education and attracting young specialists is a matter of state competitiveness in the international arena.
Importance of the subject
Сегодня актуальным вопросом Министерства Education is the introduction of educational robotics in the range of school subjects. It is considered an important direction for development. At technology lessons, children should get an idea of the modern sphere of technology development and design, which give them the opportunity to invent and build themselves. It is not necessary for all students to become engineers, but everyone should have the opportunity.
In general, robotics lessons are extremely interesting.children It is important to understand everything - both teachers and parents. Such classes provide an opportunity to see other disciplines in a different light, to understand the meaning of their study. But it is precisely the meaning, the understanding of why this is necessary, that drives the minds of children. His absence negates all the efforts of teachers and parents.
An important factor is that learningRobotics - the process is not straining and completely absorbing children. This is not only the development of the student's personality, but also the opportunity to get away from the street, the unfavorable situation, idle pastime and the consequences for it.
Origin
The name robotics itself comes fromrelevant English robotics. This is an applied science, which is engaged in the development of technical automated systems. In production, it is one of the main technical foundations of intensification.
All the laws of robotics, like science itself, are closelyrelated to electronics, mechanics, telemechanics, mechatronics, computer science, radio engineering, electrical engineering. Robotics itself is divided into industrial, construction, medical, space, military, underwater, aviation and domestic.
The concept of “robotics” was first used by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov in his stories. It was in 1941 (the story "Liar").
The word "robot" was invented in 1920 by the Czechwriters Karel Čapek and his brother Joseph. It was included in the sci-fi play Rossumian Universal Robots, which was staged in 1921 and enjoyed great spectator success. Today it is possible to observe how the line designated in the play was widely developed in the light of science fiction cinematography. The essence of the plot: the owner of the plant is engaged in the development and commissioning of the release of a large number of androids capable of working without rest. But these robots eventually rebel against the creators.
Historical examples
Interestingly, the beginnings of robotics appearedback in ancient times. This is evidenced by the remains of moving statues, which were made in the I century BC. Homer wrote in the Iliad about maids made of gold capable of speaking and thinking. Today, the mind, which endow robots, received the name - artificial intelligence. In addition, the ancient Greek mechanical engineer Arhita of Tarent is credited with developing and building a mechanical flying pigeon. This event dates back to about 400 BC.
There are a lot of such examples.They are well disclosed in the book of I.M. Makarov. and Topcheeva Yu.I. "Robotics: history and prospects." It describes the origins of modern robots in a popular form, and also outlines the robotics of the future and the corresponding development of human civilization.
Types of robots
At the present stage, the most important classes of multi-purpose robots are mobile and manipulative.
Mobile is an automatic car with a moving chassis and controlled drives. These robots can be walking, wheeled, tracked, crawling, floating, flying.
Manipulation is an automatic stationaryor a mobile machine consisting of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility and programmed control, performing motor and control functions in production. Such robots are in the floor, portal or suspended form. The greatest distribution they received on instrument-making and machine-building productions.
Modes of movement
Wheels andtracked robots. Moving the walking robot is a difficult task dynamics. Such robots can not yet have sustainable movement inherent in humans.
Относительно летающих роботов можно сказать, что most modern aircraft are just them, but they are controlled by pilots. At the same time, the autopilot can control the flight at all stages. For flying robots are drones (UAVs) and their subclass - cruise missiles. Such devices have a small weight and perform dangerous missions, including firing at the command of the operator. In addition, there are design vehicles capable of independent firing.
There are flying robots using methodsmovements that penguins, jellyfish and stingrays use. This method of movement can be seen in the robots Air Penguin, Air Ray, Air Jelly. They are produced by Festo. RoboBee robots use insect flight techniques.
Among the crawling robots there are a number of developmentssimilar in movement to worms, snakes and slugs. In this case, the robot uses frictional forces on a rough surface or curvature of the surface. Such a move is useful for narrow spaces. Such robots are needed to search for people under the rubble of destroyed buildings. Snake-like robots are capable of moving in water (such as Japan’s ACM-R5).
Robots moving on a vertical surface use the following approaches:
- like a man who climbs a wall with ledges (Stanford robot Capuchin);
- similar to geckos, equipped with vacuum suckers (Wallbot »and Stickybot).
Среди плавающих роботов существует много development, moving on the principle of imitation of fish. The efficiency of such a movement is 80% higher than that of a propeller. Such designs have low noise and high maneuverability. By this they cause great interest among researchers of the underwater space. These robots include the University of Essex models - Robotic Fish and Tuna, developed by the Field Robotics Institute. They are modeled on a tuna movement. Among the robots that imitate the movement of the stingray is known the development of the company Festo: Aqua Ray. A robot moving like a jellyfish is Aqua Jelly from the same developer.
Circle work
Most robotics circlesfocused on primary and secondary school. But preschool children are not deprived of attention. The main role is played by the development of creativity. Preschoolers must learn to think freely and implement their ideas in the works. That is why classes in robotics in circles for children under 6 years of age are aimed at the active use of cubes and simple designers.
The school curriculum is definitely complicated.It gives you the opportunity to get acquainted with various classes of robots, try yourself in deeds, delve into science. New disciplines reveal the potential of the child to acquire skills and knowledge in the chosen field of engineering.
Robotic complexes
The modern development of robotics is insuch a stage that, it seems, is about to happen a powerful breakthrough in robot technology. This is the same as with video calling and mobile gadgets. Until recently, it all seemed inaccessible for mass consumption. And today - it is a routine, no longer surprising. But each exhibition of robotics shows us fantastic projects that capture the spirit of man from the mere thought of their introduction into the life of society.
In the education system, it is possible to implement a program with the use of project activities namely integrated installations of robots, among which are popular:
- Mechatronics Control Kit.
- LEGO Mindstorms.
- Festo Didactic.
- Fischertechnik.
Control
By type of control systems are:
- biotechnical (command, copy, semi-automatic);
- automatic (software, adaptive, intelligent);
- interactive (automated, supervisory, interactive).
The main tasks of controlling robots include:
- movement and position planning;
- force planning and moments;
- identification of dynamic and kinematic data;
- dynamic accuracy analysis.
Of great importance in the field of robotics is the development of management methods. This is important for technical cybernetics and automatic control theory.
