The very concept of "operations research" is borrowedfrom foreign literature. However, the date of its occurrence and the author can not be determined reliably. Therefore, it is expedient to consider the history of the formation of this area of scientific research first.
Basic meaning
The operations research is aimed atanalysis in various controlled processes. Their nature can have a different character: production processes, military actions, commercial activities and administrative decisions. The operations themselves can be described by the same mathematical models. At the same time, their analysis will make it possible to understand the essence of a certain phenomenon in the best way, and also to predict its development in the future. The world, it turns out, is organized in the information sense quite compactly, since the same information schemes are realized in various physical manifestations.
In cybernetics research operations are widelyis used in the section "Model isomorphism". If not for this section, then in each situation that emerged there would be certain difficulties with choosing one's own unique solution method. And research of operations as a scientific direction would not have formed at all. However, due to the existence of general laws in the formation and development of various systems, it became possible to study them using mathematical methods.
Effectiveness
The study of operations in the economy as amathematical tools that contribute to the achievement of high efficiency of the decision-making process in various spheres of human activity, makes it possible to provide the person responsible for making such decisions with the necessary information that has been obtained by scientific methods. In other words, this methodology serves as a justification for making a decision. Models and methods of operations research will allow to obtain those solutions that will best allow to achieve the set goals of the organization.
Basic Elements
So, let's consider some disciplines of mathematical specialization, which are most often used in this field of research:
- mathematical programming, dealing with finding the optimal solutions of functions with some restrictions for the arguments;
- linear programming is quite simpleand the best studied section of the first method, it allows to solve problems containing optimality indicators in the form of a linear function, and the restrictions are presented in the form of linear equalities;
- network modeling - the solution is presented in the form of network algorithms that allow you to get the right solution more effectively than using linear programming tools
- target programming, represented by linear methods, but already with several functions of a target character, which, however, may conflict with each other.
