The main essence of the concept of Maslow is a hierarchy.human needs, the satisfaction of which occurs gradually: from lower to higher. Only by satisfying the basic, physiological needs, the individual proceeds to meet the highest needs - in recognition and self-actualization. Maslow’s theory (the pyramid of needs) undergoes changes only if society sets the priority of certain values, calling some needs “bad” and others “good” or “neutral”. Therefore, in some societies, sexual desires or the desire for enrichment are banned.
The standard Maslow pyramid has five levels:
1. Physiological needs.They are basic, because human life would be impossible without food. A hungry individual cannot think of anything other than food. From a very early age, the satisfaction of this need is trained and improved, acquires a cultural setting.
2. Потребности в безопасности.The first year of a child’s life is associated with gaining a sense of security, protection from parents, freedom from fear and anxiety. As he grows older, a person expects safety in the framework of educational institutions, from people who organize training and educational processes.
3. The need for love.Otherwise, it can be called a desire to be accepted. It occurs when the previous two are satisfied. Initially, a person begins to communicate with close relatives, and then waits for acceptance among peers, in educational and working groups.
4. The need for recognition.It can be achieved through the desire for achievement, which gives a person confidence in himself, demonstrates his competence in a particular area of knowledge. Recognition can be achieved through the establishment of reputation in society, through self-affirmation and conquest of high status.
5. The need for self-actualization.It is realized through creative free human activity, which helps to open his spiritual potential to him, as well as the desire to self-fulfillment, to realize the potential of the inherent capabilities and abilities.
Maslow's pyramid can be implemented in humanscompletely or needs are fixed at a certain level, directing the activities of the individual to meet only the first two, three or four levels. It is known that in young, newly formed societies there appear categories of people who are called upon to raise this society, to promote its development and sustainable functioning.
The values of such a society are stimulated by somethe most active part of people is the motivation to meet the needs for self-actualization. According to some researchers, it is the motivation of society that contributes to the emergence of passionate leaders, in whom “passionarity” is a dramatically increased energy potential plus a specific value system, when Maslow's pyramid is upside down. For such people, self-actualization becomes most important. They do not need recognition or acceptance in society; they can go without sleep and food for a long time if they are in the process of achieving their goal. The priority of the fifth level with a non-standard distribution of the importance of motives makes these people different from others, but very beneficial for the development of society.
In every ethnic group besides passionate leadersthere is a category of people who live at the expense of others, without making efforts to recognize or accept in a collective of people. Their energy level is very low and the most important thing for them is to save their life in any way. Therefore, Maslow's pyramid for them consists of one or two levels. The level of safety of life is insignificant because subpassionaries live in unsanitary conditions or are used by drive men as mercenaries who die in large numbers in military clashes. Most of the people in the ethnic group live according to the laws of satisfaction of needs, which are reflected by Maslow's pyramid. Examples can be seen in large numbers among businessmen, politicians, scientists who in the process of life reach the fourth or even the fifth step of the pyramid.
Thus, the hierarchy of needs, which is built in the pyramid of Maslow, can be violated in passionate people, of which the more, the earlier periods of development of the society in which they live.
