What is teaching? Philosophical and political teachings

Philosophical, political, pedagogical teachings- this term can be found in many contexts. But regardless of which adjective will stand side by side, the main question is: “What is a teaching?” It is the answer to it and became the topic of this article.

Terminology

The concept of "teaching" has several definitions.If we consider the term not as a process of acquiring knowledge in any particular chosen area (and such a definition also exists, but in this case does not fit), then there are still the following explanations of what a doctrine is.

• Teaching as a set of the provisions of the theory in one of the areas of knowledge.
• Teaching as a set of ideas of the same thinker in his chosen field of science.
• Teaching as a complex of dogmas of a certain religion (creed).

Of particular interest are the first two. They are most often associated with philosophical and political teachings. Consider more.

In philosophy

Philosophical teachings originate from the mostthe origins of the development of relevant science - in ancient Greece and Rome. Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, and ancient Roman - Cicero and others, expressing their thoughts and shaping their views, acquired followers who brought them to our days. In this way, the teachings of these great minds were formed.

Examples of philosophies

In the course of the increasing development of philosophy and searchthe answer to her main question (what comes first: spirit or matter?) highlighted the main philosophies that absorbed not only the ideas of one author, but the conclusions that generations of thinkers reached. Materialism and idealism, as the two extremes of the answer to the main question, monism, agnosticism, solipsism and unusual Russian cosmism - each of them is characterized by its own characteristics and they are associated with a whole list of philosophers.

But the teachings of antiquity, although sometimes they havespecific conceptual terms (for example, dialectics), all come from the names of the authors - Socrates, Heraclitus, and others. However, this happened already in the Middle Ages and in the heyday of German philosophical thought. The classic teachings of Locke and Hobbes, Nietzscheanism, on behalf of the great Friedrich Nietzsche. It should be noted that such teachings are more focused, although some of them developed after their founder (for example, Neo-Platonism).

In politics: antiquity

Philosophy and politics in antiquity wereclosely interrelated. Many of the philosophers of the time were developing their ideal state model. The history of the teachings remembers Plato’s dialogue under the same name (“The State”), in which he singled out his imperfect forms, proposing his terminology. It is well known that the concepts of "democracy", "timocracy" and other "..crats" originated precisely from ancient Greece. Unlike the abstract-philosophical approach of Pythagoras and Heraclitus, Plato was more strict and precise. Aristotle also turned out to be a rosary, dividing the forms of government into those that he considered "right" and "wrong." However, in such rationalism there were many restrictions.

In politics: the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Middle Ages was designated purely theocraticapproach, including politics, and the ideas of creating statehood. A similar thought permeated all the political teachings of the time. Particularly significant was the teaching of Thomas Aquinas, who, borrowing ideas from Aristotle, tried to reinterpret them in a Christian manner and had great popularity with it.

In the Renaissance, it is worth noting Niccolò Machiavelli andhis appeal in writing to the then (albeit unofficial) governor of Florence, Lorenzo the Magnificent. His treatise "Sovereign" contains quite unambiguous thoughts about political power. The teachings of Machiavelli puts politics above morality. Interestingly, the "Sovereign" has been preserved to the modern time and even transferred to the electronic version, which means that anyone who wants to know what Machiavelli's doctrine can read it.

Finally

As you can see, the definitions of the doctrine as a set of ideasone author or one area of ​​knowledge echoes each other, they are closely interrelated and therefore correlate. At the same time, it is precisely because of this that it is not difficult to determine what a doctrine is.

Philosophy and politics, although it is now sold outtwo different parties, nevertheless, still stood at one source, therefore political teachings often came from those thinkers who expressed their views not only in this field of knowledge.