Andrew Johnson was elected to the presidency of the United States in 1865. He ruled for one term and was able to permanently write his name in history.
Он был довольно противоречивой фигурой.Even now in American society there is no consensus regarding the assessment of this person’s activities. Many of his decisions forever changed the domestic and foreign policy of the United States. And legal precedents survived Johnson for decades.
Andrew Johnson: biography
The future president was born the fifteenth of April1865 in North Carolina. His parents were ordinary farmers. Little Andrew worked with them to help care for the harvest. After the death of the eldest Johnson, the family’s support lies on the shoulders of the mother, who works as a laundress. Due to a difficult financial situation, Andrew gets a job at a tailor. As an apprentice, he also gains basic writing and reading skills. Thus the workshop replaced his school. After the age of majority, Andrew Johnson leaves his home and moves to Granville. There opens its own business - workshop. Marries the daughter of a local shoemaker.
Early career policy
In his free time, he is constantly engaged inself-education. Studies basic sciences. His entrepreneurial acumen and skills acquired during his studies allow business to go up. Profit from the workshop allows Johnson to invest. In Tennessee, he goes to a local college. Begins to be interested in politics. Often communicates with influential people in the state.
In the forty-third year, Andrew Johnson is elected incongress Being in the government, he begins to actively spread his influence. Profit from business is growing, which allows you to influence the economic processes in the entire state. Ten years later, Johnson was elected governor.
BUT.Lincoln personally comes to meet with the new head of state. At this time, unrest begins in the south of the country. The conflict of interest threatens to escalate into an armed confrontation, so the president holds conversations with all influential people of the South.
The beginning of the Civil War
Эндрю Джонсон представлял Теннесси - slave state. The basis of its economy was the agricultural sector. The southern lands were very fertile, the climate was suitable for growing cotton, tobacco and various cereals. However, there was a serious lack of industrialization. Almost all of the country's industry was concentrated in the North. The most influential people in Tennessee were slave owners. The shortage of labor (almost all emigrants from Europe settled in the North) was compensated by slaves brought from Africa. By the sixtieth year of the nineteenth century, more than three million slaves lived in the southern United States.
Industrial North had more seats in the senate andhe carried out his laws, which were not beneficial to slave owners. Therefore, trying to preserve the social and economic life of their states, the South leaves the Union. This leads to the beginning of the Civil War. A. Lincoln immediately announces the mobilization and begins the blockade. Johnson remains loyal to the president. Unlike other governors of the South, he does not support Confederation and secession.
And at the same time retains its position.In April, sixty-first, Andrew was involved in the development of the Crittenden-Johnson resolution. It argues that Union troops pursue peace-loving goals and wage war for the sake of preserving the state, and not for the abolition of slavery.
A defector or a patriot?
After the outbreak of hostilities, Johnson runs onterritory controlled by northerners. He gets the post of vice president from Lincoln. Many contemporaries believe that this appointment is associated with Lincoln's populist aspirations. As if he believed that the appointment of such a high post southerner would reduce the wave of hatred in the rebellious states. It is noteworthy that the new vice-president of the United States of America was drunk at his inauguration. Johnson made a "fiery" speech, in which he boasted of his origin (supposedly "popular") and criticized the political system in the Russian Empire.
After the appointment of Andrew also received a military rank. However, he did not take direct part in the hostilities. April 15th is the murder of Lincoln.
The killers also planned to remove Johnson, but could not reach him. As a result, 17 US President gets the position not as a result of the election, but because of the death of the predecessor.
Johnson's Board
As president, Johnson continuedconsistent policy, the course of which has developed, while still the governor. However, immediately after taking office, he started having problems. The Democratic Party refused its support. Moreover, he began to revise the policies regarding the defeated states. Andrew made big concessions to the secessionists. Many even began to suspect him of sympathy for the Confederation. After a quarrel with the party, Johnson started having problems with Congress. One of his first decrees, 17 the president of the United States, vetoed a bill that imposed obligations on the southern states.
Conflict with the executive
After that, the congress voted fora bill establishing the equality of all US citizens, regardless of race. His Johnson also blocked. The crisis intensified after a direct confrontation with the Cabinet. One of the most ardent opponents of the president was Defense Minister Stanton. He refused to execute many orders of the White House.
The administration could not find a common language on this.the congressional issue, therefore, Stanton is dismissed by Andrew Johnson. The President of the United States personally issues the appropriate order. However, the Senate does not support such a decision. Almost unanimously the minister is returned to his post. Such an open remarks against the White House worsened Johnson's position.
He decides not to give up and enter into the open.confrontation. In place of the allegedly dismissed Secretary of Defense, Andrew appoints his protégé, General Thomas. Such a decision agitates the congress. Stanton refuses to leave his post, a unique situation arises in the country. Two branches of power issue conflicting decrees. In response to the President’s actions, the Senate appeals to the House of Representatives. The latter initiate the impeachment procedure. However, Johnson manages to negotiate with some senators, and he remains in his post.
End of the board
In the sixty-seventh year, Andrew makes a fateful deal with the Russian Empire about Alaska.
For relatively little money, the US is buyinghuge territory, which in the future will pay all the costs for their acquisition. However, at that time this event went unnoticed. The President of the United States of America finally lost the trust of the people and did not even run for a new term.
