Probably no one needs to convince people thatbiological creatures. Whatever the Church may say about this, the proximity of the anatomical structure, physiology of homo sapiens to the higher primates is obvious. The biological nature of man is clearly inherited by us from the animal kingdom. All people have a nervous and circulatory system, have a certain set of internal organs, which are also present in the bodies of not only anthropoid apes, but also other mammals and even birds. To some extent, this essence derived from animals is strictly determined. Parental genes transmit us growth, skin color, hair and eyes, and even hereditary diseases.
But of all philosophies, only behaviorismreduces the nature of people only to their nature, arising from biological nature. People are also social creatures. The philosophical concept of "man" includes both the body (organism) and the individual (person, subject). And if at the level of vital activity of an organism certain chemical processes take place - glucose assimilation, enrichment with oxygen, excretion of slags, carbon dioxide and so on, then at the personality level completely different, much more complex processes operate. The social nature of man is not limited to the vital activity of the organism. The meaning of life, the place of an individual in society, excites people no less than the issues of saturation and procreation.
If the biological properties of the body are transmittedinherited, the social are acquired by the individuals themselves. This is not a place for discussion of which factors are involved in the creation of a person — the cultural unconscious, upbringing, or the stresses experienced in childhood — something else is important: all these factors lie not in the material world, but in a completely different plane. Thus, human nature is twofold: with its body it belongs to the material world, and with its heart and mind, to another, to another. And to what extent is this socio-biological or biosocial being directed towards another? It can be said that the biological nature of people is a prerequisite for their existence in this world, but the essence of the human race is in its sociality.
The child, being born, is not aware of himself as a person.They are guided by instincts: the desire to be warm, dry and be full. Later, he begins to recognize the source of this heat and satiety - the mother. But he empirically recognizes other manifestations of this world: cold, hunger, danger. From these troubles save the mother and father again. Communicating with his parents, entering into these simple social relations with them, the child is already “humanized”. Socio-cultural factors are beginning to dominate. It’s not enough for a child to be fed and warmed, it is important for him to feel loved. So human nature, starting from biology, rushes to the sphere of spirituality, where such non-material concepts as love, tenderness, responsibility play the key role.
Growing up, the child is aware of his limb asbiological creatures in this world. But the soul of man is always aimed at infinity, for eternity. It can be said that human nature is a heavy cross of alienation from nature. The material kingdom pushes a person out of himself, and over the years (and diseases) a person feels alien to this world, abandoned in the “vale of sorrow”. If the soul associates itself with its carrier — the body — tragedy cannot be avoided: the shadow of death will haunt a person and poison his whole existence.
It may be worth considering:but where does this ability to love, to be grateful to us, why do we have an aesthetic sense of beauty, moral values? After all, this is not in the material and inanimate nature. Standing out from the world of simple biological creatures through evolution, Homo sapiens to some extent ceased to be just a biological being - he began to resist the material world, reshaping it "for himself." No wonder the existentialists noticed that we feel here not at home, but in a foreign land and are fighting for the right to have this house. It can be said that human nature is outside the material world, in the spiritual world. "All I will not die," wrote Horace, "my best part will escape destruction."
