Caspian lowland, geographicalwhose position is determined by the bottom of the ancient sea, is a flat terrain with flat sections of land, slightly inclined to the planet’s largest salt lake - the Caspian Sea. On the plain there are many attractions of various origins. The original inhabitants are Kalmyks.
Short description
This area is almost waterless, visible in places.small mountains and hills. This is Small and Big Bogda, Indersky mountains. The territory of the Caspian lowland stretches 700 km long and 500 km wide. It occupies about 200 square meters. km total area. From several sides it is surrounded by the hills of the Volga region, the Pre-Ural Plateau, as well as hills. The coast of the Caspian Sea from the north, the Russian Plain from the south-eastern side and Kazakhstan in the west are the borders of the territory called the Caspian lowland. On the map of the hemispheres, its location can be seen more accurately.
The river and gully network is poorly developed. The lowland consists of clay and sand. For the relief of the territory is characterized by the movement of the earth's crust, which is accompanied by the growth of ravines, craters, landslides.
Inland waters
Caspian lowlands cross sixmajor rivers (Ural, Volga, Terek, Emba, Kuma, Sulak) and several small watercourses. The latter in the summer season are often completely dry, forming many pits. The Volga is the deepest and longest river in the plain. All water flows are fed by snow and groundwater. Most of these reservoirs are fresh, but salty. The most famous salt lake of those places is Inderskoe Lake, its area is 75 square meters. km
Features of the structure
Caspian lowland, whose heightvaries mainly within 100 m, and has a minimum figure, namely, from the south it rises only 25 m. The geological structure of the territory consists of several large tectonic structures: the Yergenin Upland, the Caspian Deep, and the Nogai, Terek. At one time, the territory of the plain was constantly flooding the waters of the sea, as a result of which clay and loamy sediments remained from the north and sandy from the south.
Unique Baer bumps
The Caspian lowland has small andlarge depressions, estuaries, braids, hollows, and along the seashore - Baer hills, extending in a strip. They begin between the mouths of the rivers Kuma and Emba. Their height varies from 10 to 45 m, length is about 25 km, and width is 200-300 m. The distance between the ridges of the Baer hills is 1-2 km. This relief formation looks like artificially made sea waves. Their peaks are wide, and the slopes are gentle. You can describe them in different ways, due to the different type of addition. In the first case, they are composed of Late Khvalyn sand, and in the second, Early Khvalyn clay, covered with sand.
The question of the origin of these mounds is still unclear. There are a number of hypotheses:
- The first of which is the result of some shallowing of the Caspian.
- The second is about tectonic origin.
- The third indicates glacial lakes.
But there are allegations of the insolvency of theseversions. In connection with the location of Baer hills near the coast, a change in their structure and clarity is observed. Losing their forms closer to the north, they are replaced by other reliefs.
Climate
Caspian lowland - an area whereconstant "guests" are anticyclones that come from the depths of Asia. But with cyclones more difficult, because of this, the climate is very dry. In winter, relatively harsh and little snow, temperature ranges from - 8 aboutC to -14 aboutC. Summer is hot enough for this area. July temperature: + 22 ... +23 aboutWITH.From the southeast side, 150–200 mm of precipitation falls, and from the northwest, 350 mm. Evaporation 1000 mm. Moisturizing is extremely inadequate. Dry winds and dust storms are characteristic. They form hills, called dunes.
Soil characteristics
The Caspian lowlands, or rather its lands, haveseveral colors: from light chestnut to brown desert-steppe. The soil here is highly saline. In the north there are steppes with cereals and wormwood, to the south are semi-deserts and deserts, where wormwood mainly grows. Among the land is dominated by pastures. Arable land occupies less than 20% of the entire territory, mainly at the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Gourds are grown here, they are engaged in gardening and vegetable growing. Oil and gas production has been established in the Ural-Emba oil and gas region, and salt is extracted in the lakes Elton and Baskunchak. Baskunchak is also rich in gypsum and limestone, the annual production of which is about 50 tons.
Animal world
European fauna affects fauna.The Caspian lowland in the north is populated by ferrets, marmots, raccoons, and water rats. The fish industry is well developed: sturgeon, stellate sturgeon and others. Local seals are considered the most valuable animals. Along the coast, in the Turgai thickets, there are many birds, and gazelles, foxes, eared hedgehogs, jerboas, mice, larks inhabit there.
