February 26, 1845, the future emperor Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich had a third child and a second son. The boy was named Alexander.
Alexander 3. Biography
For the first 26 years, he was brought up likeother grand dukes, for a military career, since his elder brother Nikolay was to be the heir to the throne. By the age of 18, Alexander the Third was already in the rank of colonel. The future Russian emperor, according to the opinions of his teachers, did not differ much in the breadth of his interests. According to the recollections of the teacher, Alexander the Third "was always lazy" and began to catch up only when he became an heir. An attempt to fill the gaps in education was carried out under the close supervision of Pobedonostsev. At the same time, from sources left by the educators, we learn that the boy was distinguished by assiduity and diligence in penmanship. Naturally, his education was carried out by excellent military specialists, professors of Moscow University. Especially the boy was fond of Russian history, culture, which eventually grew into real Russophilism.
Alexander his family members were sometimes calledbullying, sometimes for excessive shyness and clumsiness - "pug", "bulldog". According to the memoirs of contemporaries, he did not look like a heavyweight: well-built, with a small mustache, an early bald spot. People were attracted by such traits of his character as sincerity, honesty, benevolence, lack of excessive ambition and a great sense of responsibility.
The beginning of political career
His serene life ended when in 1865year, the older brother Nikolai died suddenly. Alexander the Third was declared heir to the throne. These events stunned him. He immediately had to take up the duties of a crown prince. His father began to introduce him to public affairs. He listened to the reports of ministers, got acquainted with official papers, received membership in the State Council and the Council of Ministers. He becomes a major general and ataman of all the Cossack troops of Russia. That's when I had to make up gaps in youth education. His love for Russia and Russian history formed the course of Professor S.M. Solovyov. This feeling accompanied him all his life.
Cesarevich Alexander the Third spent quite a long time - 16 years. During this time he received
In the internal political life the crown prince is notadhered to the views of his father, Emperor Alexander II, but did not oppose the course of the Great Reforms. His relationship with his parent was complicated by personal circumstances. He could not come to terms with the fact that his father, while his wife was alive, had placed his favorite EM in the Winter Palace. Dolgorukuy and their three children.
The Tsarevich himself was an exemplary family man.He married the bride of his deceased brother, Princess Louise Sophia Frederica Dagmara, who after the wedding adopted Orthodoxy and a new name - Maria Feodorovna. They had six children.
The happy family life ended on 01/03/1891, when an act of terrorism was committed, which resulted in the death of the father of the crown prince.
Alexander 3 reforms or transformations necessary for Russia
On the morning of March 2, the new emperor Alexander IIIMembers of the State Council and the higher ranks of the court took the oath. He stated that he would try to continue the work begun by his father. But the hardest idea of further action did not appear for a long time. Pobedonostsev, an ardent opponent of liberal transformations, wrote to the monarch: "Or now save himself and Russia, or never!"
Most accurately the political course of the emperor wasset out in the manifesto of April 29, 1881. Historians called him "the manifesto of the inviolability of autocracy." It meant serious adjustments to the Great Reforms of the 1860s – 1870s. The priority was the task of the government as the struggle against the revolution.
Были усилены репрессивный аппарат, политический detective, secret-search services, etc. Contemporaries government policy seemed cruel and punitive. But to those who live in the present, it may seem very modest. But now we will not dwell on this in detail.
The government has tightened policy witheducation: universities were deprived of autonomy, a circular “On Cooking Children” was issued, a special censorship regime was introduced concerning the activities of newspapers and magazines, and Zemsky self-government was curtailed. All these transformations were carried out to eliminate that spirit of freedom,
The economic policy of Alexander III was moresuccessful. The industrial and financial sphere was aimed at introducing gold security for the ruble, establishing a protectionist customs tariff, and building railways, which created not only the means of communication required by the domestic market, but also accelerated the development of local industries.
Второй успешной сферой была внешняя политика.Alexander the Third was nicknamed "the emperor-peacemaker." Immediately after assuming the throne, he sent a dispatch to foreign countries, in which he announced: the emperor wishes to preserve peace with all the powers and concentrate his attention on internal affairs. He professed the principles of strong and national (Russian) autocratic power.
But fate let him short age. In 1888the train, in which the emperor's family was traveling, suffered a terrible crash. Alexander Alexandrovich was crushed by a collapsed ceiling. Having great physical strength, he helped his wife and children and got out himself. But the injury manifested itself - he developed a kidney disease, complicated after “influenza” - the flu. 10.29.1894 he died before reaching the age of 50. To his wife, he said: “I feel the end, be calm, I am completely calm.”
He did not know what tests he would have to go through to his beloved Motherland, his widow, his son and the whole Romanov family.
