The modern scientific picture of the world is justone of the possible ones that can be present in the human mind and define it. Coexisting with all the other pictures - theological, mythological, philosophical, it is somewhat similar to them, contains in itself the general characteristic of other pictures, but also includes a number of fundamental features of its manifestation and impact on the human mind and worldview.
The basis of the modern scientific paradigm of the world liesNaturally scientific picture of the world, containing in itself the basic ideas of people about space, time, nature, man and his place in it all. Actually, all these problems are present in other pictures of the world, so the most important is our ability to distinguish this very “scientific nature” in order to correctly identify our cognitive motives and interests.
The problem only initially seems to be enoughsimple, because all of us from the school bench are familiar with the main points that the modern model of the world contains. However, until now, the philosophy and methodology of science could not give an unambiguous and definitive answer to the question of what science is and what is not.
Some philosophers, representatives of the positivist andneopositivist schools, argued that the modern scientific picture of the world is separated from the unscientific some kind of marking sign. The principles of verification and falsification of fact have consistently been such signs.
Other philosophical schools (sophists, scholastics)The main difference was found in the method of thinking, the third - in the use or non-use of mathematical methods of research. But whatever method of differentiation would be applied, in the end, it became obvious that they did not give a clear answer. For example, we all know that methods of scientific analysis and interpretation of facts are quite appropriately used in extra-scientific fields, and vice versa, many scientific phenomena still do not find either evidence or refutations achieved using scientific methodology. Thus, it became obvious that the signs of science are a certain integrity, a system of properties that are present in various combinations and proportions and in other areas that are far from any branch of scientific knowledge.
Science, as an integral system of knowledge and ideasabout the most common signs, properties and laws of the universe, formed as a result of the classification and generalization of some natural science concepts. The classical scientific picture of the world has developed on the basis of interdisciplinary concepts that tried to give answers to essential questions about the world. The overwhelming majority of these concepts included ideas about substance (matter) and the forms of its movement and development, about space and time, about causality, laws and interactions, ideas about Cosmos.
В результате синтеза отдельных, «отраслевых» Pictures of the world - geo-and heliocentric, electrical and mechanistic, atomic and cosmological, in an evolutionary way a modern scientific picture of the world took shape. It is based on the achievements of modern science and has a number of features that distinguish it from the previously dominant. Among the main features of such signs are systematic, the ability to self-organization and self-reproduction, global evolutionism and historicity. At the same time, these signs also serve as principles for constructing a model of a scientific picture, because they reflect the fundamental laws of nature’s existence.
These essential characteristics of the modern understanding of the world order in their basic features correspond to the level of scientific knowledge achieved so far.
