Below is a complete list of all Russian tsars. For almost 400 years of existence of this title, it was worn by completely different people - from adventurers and liberals to tyrants and conservatives.
Rurikovich
For many years, Russia (from Rurik toPutin) many times changed the political system. At first, the rulers wore princely title. When, after a period of political fragmentation around Moscow, a new Russian state was formed, the owners of the Kremlin thought about accepting the royal title.
This was done under Ivan the Terrible(1547-1584). This great prince decided to marry a kingdom. And this decision was not accidental. So the Moscow monarch emphasized that he was the successor of the Byzantine emperors. They gave Russia Orthodoxy. In the XVI century, Byzantium no longer existed (it fell under the onslaught of the Ottomans), so Ivan the Terrible rightly believed that his act would have a serious symbolic meaning.
Historical figures such as this king have renderedgreat influence on the development of the whole country. In addition to changing the title, Ivan the Terrible, he also captured the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, starting Russian expansion to the East.
Ivan's son Fedor (1584-1598) was weakcharacter and health. Nevertheless, with him the state continued to develop. It was established patriarchate. The rulers of the Russian state have always paid much attention to the issue of succession. This time he stood up especially sharply. Fedor had no children. When he died, the dynasty of Rurikovich on the Moscow throne stopped.
Time of Troubles
After the death of Fedor, Boris Godunov came to power(1598-1605) - his brother-in-law. He did not belong to the reigning family, and many considered him a usurper. When it was due to natural disasters began a huge famine. The kings and presidents of Russia have always tried to keep calm in the provinces. Because of the tense situation, Godunov failed to do this. Several peasant uprisings took place in the country.
In addition, adventurer Grishka Otrep'ev calledone of the sons of Ivan the Terrible and began a military campaign against Moscow. He really managed to seize the capital and become king. Boris Godunov did not live up to this point - he died from health complications. His son Fyodor II was captured by his fellow False Dmitry comrades and killed.
The impostor ruled for just a year, after which he wasoverthrown during the Moscow uprising, which was inspired by the disgruntled Russian boyars, who did not like the fact that the False Dmitry was surrounded by Catholic Poles. Boyar Duma decided to hand over the crown to Vasily Shuisky (1606-1610). In the Time of Troubles, the rulers of Russia often changed.
The princes, kings and presidents of Russia were to carefully guard their power. Shuisky could not keep her and was overthrown by the Polish invaders.
The first Romanovs
When in 1613 Moscow was liberated fromforeign invaders, the question arose of whom to make sovereign. This text presents all the kings of Russia in order (with portraits). Now it's time to talk about the ascension to the throne of the Romanov dynasty.
The first sovereign of this kind, Michael (1613-1645), was a very young man, when he was put in charge of a huge country. His main goal was the struggle with Poland for the lands it captured during the Troubles.
Such were the biographies of the rulers and the dates of government.until the middle of the seventeenth century. After Michael, his son Alexey (1645-1676) ruled. He annexed left-bank Ukraine and Kiev to Russia. So, after several centuries of fragmentation and Lithuanian rule, the fraternal peoples finally began to live in one country.
Alexey had many sons. The eldest of them, Fedor III (1676-1682), died at a young age. After him came the simultaneous reign of two children - Ivan and Peter.
Peter the Great
Ivan Alekseevich was unable to govern the country.Therefore, in 1689 began the sole reign of Peter the Great. He completely rebuilt the country in the European manner. Russia - from Rurik to Putin (in a chronological order, we consider all rulers) - knows few examples of such an intense era of change.
Появилась новая армия и флот.For this, Peter began the war against Sweden. The Northern War lasted for 21 years. During it, the Swedish army was defeated, and the kingdom agreed to cede its southern Baltic lands. In this region in 1703 St. Petersburg was founded - the new capital of Russia. Peter's successes made him think about changing the title. In 1721 he became emperor. However, this change did not abolish the royal title - in everyday speech, the monarchs continued to be called kings.
The epoch of palace coups
The death of Peter was followed by a long period.power imbalances. Monarchs succeeded each other with enviable regularity, which was promoted by palace coups. At the head of these changes, as a rule, stood the guard or certain courtiers. In this epoch, Catherine I (1725-1727), Peter II (1727-1730), Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740), Ivan VI (1740-1741), Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-1761) and Peter III (1761-1762) ruled ).
The last of them was German by birth.Under Peter III’s predecessor Elizabeth, Russia waged a victorious war against Prussia. The new monarch refused all conquests, returned Berlin to the king and concluded a peace treaty. With this act he signed a death sentence for himself. The guard organized another palace coup, after which the wife of Peter Catherine II was on the throne.
Catherine II and Paul I
Екатерина II (1762-1796) обладала глубоким state mind. On the throne, she began to pursue a policy of enlightened absolutism. The Empress organized the work of the famous laid commission, the purpose of which was to prepare a comprehensive reform project in Russia. She also wrote Mandate. This document contained many considerations of the transformations needed for the country. Reforms were curtailed when in the 1770s a peasant uprising led by Pugachev broke out in the Volga region.
All the kings and presidents of Russia (in chronologicalin order, we listed all the royal persons) made sure that the country looked decent on the external stage. Catherine was no exception. She conducted several successful military campaigns against Turkey. As a result, Crimea and other important Black Sea regions were annexed to Russia. At the end of the reign of Catherine there were three sections of Poland. So the Russian Empire received important acquisitions in the west.
After the death of the great Empress, her son Paul I came to power (1796-1801). This quarrelsome man did not like many in the Petersburg elite.
First half of the XIX century
In 1801, the next and the lastpalace coup. A group of conspirators dealt with Paul. On the throne was his son Alexander I (1801-1825). His rule came during the Patriotic War and the invasion of Napoleon. For two centuries, the rulers of the Russian state have not encountered such a serious enemy intervention. Despite the capture of Moscow, Bonaparte was defeated. Alexander became the most popular and famous monarch of the Old World. He was also called the "liberator of Europe."
Inside his country, Alexander in his youthtried to implement liberal reforms. Historical persons often change their policies with age. So Alexander soon abandoned his ideas. He died in Taganrog in 1825 under mysterious circumstances.
At the beginning of the reign of his brother Nicholas I (1825-1855) there was an uprising of the Decembrists. Because of this, for thirty years the conservative order triumphed in the country.
Second half of the nineteenth century
Here are all the kings of Russia in order, withportraits. Next, we will discuss the main reformer of the national statehood - Alexander II (1855-1881). He initiated the manifesto on the liberation of the peasants. The destruction of serfdom allowed the Russian market and capitalism to develop. The country began economic growth. The reforms also affected the judiciary, local government, administrative and draft systems. The monarch tried to raise the country to its feet and learn the lessons that the lost Crimean War, which began under Nicholas I., presented to him.
But the radicals had little Alexander reforms. Terrorists attempted his life several times. In 1881, they achieved success. Alexander II was killed by a bomb blast. The news came as a shock to the whole world.
Из-за случившегося сын погибшего монарха Alexander III (1881-1994) forever became a tough reactionary and conservative. But most of all he is known as a peacemaker. During his reign, Russia has not conducted a single war.
Last king
В 1894 году Александр III скончался.Power passed into the hands of Nicholas II (1894-1917) - his son and the last Russian monarch. By that time, the old world order with the absolute power of kings and kings had already outlived its usefulness. Russia - from Rurik to Putin - knew quite a few shocks, but it was under Nicholas that more than ever happened.
In 1904-1905the country has survived a humiliating war with Japan. It was followed by the first revolution. Although the unrest was suppressed, the king had to make concessions to public opinion. He agreed to establish a constitutional monarchy and parliament.
The kings and presidents of Russia at all times faced with a certain opposition within the state. Now people could elect deputies who expressed these sentiments.
In 1914, the First World War began.No one then suspected that it would end with the fall of several empires at once, including the Russian one. In 1917, the February Revolution broke out, and the last king had to abdicate. Nicholas II and his family were shot by the Bolsheviks in the basement of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg.
