All rivers of the Arctic Ocean basinflow through the territory of Eurasia and in North America. For example, the largest American river Mackenzie. This article will discuss some of the rivers of the Arctic Ocean in Russia, as among them are the largest water arteries of the planet. In addition, about sixty-five percent of our country's water flows belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. Among them, the greatest contribution is made by such rivers as the Pechora, the Northern Dvina, the Ob, the Khatanga, the Yenisei, the Lena, the Kolyma, the Indigirka and many others.
Features of the rivers of the Arctic Ocean
Эти водные потоки вблизи океана текут по равнинам and lowlands. Therefore, their lower course is calm, and there are no special obstacles on the way. The rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin are covered with ice for a very long time. Food mainly snow and rain. In spring, there is a rise in the water level by 10-15 meters. This is explained by the fact that the rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin flow mainly to the north, and the ice downstream melts later than in the upper reaches. Therefore, congestion and ice dams are formed.
Northern Dvina
Северная Двина несёт свои воды по землям двух subjects of the Russian Federation - the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions. The mighty river flows into the White Sea, which opens into the waters of the northern ocean. Its “net” length is 0.7 thousand km, together with Sukhona - 1.3 thousand km, and if we count together with Vychegda, then 1.8 thousand km.
The river delta occupies a large area,sprawling over an area of length 37 and a width of 45 kilometers. Here the river is divided into numerous branches and channels (about one hundred and fifty). The flow of river water at the mouth is three and a half thousand cubic meters per second.
Water regime of the Northern Dvina
The predominant type of food is snow.The Northern Dvina is covered with an ice shell from the end of October to the beginning of November, and is freed from it from the beginning of April to the beginning of May. At the opening of the river in the spring there are often congestion, the ice drift is quite stormy.
The Northern Dvina basin is huge, it is 360 thousand km2. Its main tributaries are the rivers of the Arctic Ocean: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga and others. More than 27 species of ichthyofauna are found.
Historical meaning
Interestingly, Northern Dvina is navigablealmost the entire length (the length of navigable waterways, together with numerous tributaries, is five and a half thousand kilometers). Since 1989, the river has a regular passenger service. Until now, the Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, the oldest motor ship in Russia, which came down from shipyards in the distant 1911, runs along its water mirror.
Northern Dvina played a significant role inhistorical processes. For example, during the events of the Patriotic War of 1812, it was, according to historians, practically the only connection between Russia and the countries of Europe. And in the Second World River, a significant share of lend-lease supplies (military equipment, equipment and materials supplied from Europe and the USA to the warring Soviet Union) took place. In addition, historians sometimes call the river “the gateway to the Arctic” because more than two hundred research expeditions have started along the river to the Arctic regions.
Pechora
The river flows in two regions of the RussianFederations - Nenets Autonomous District and the Komi Republic. It begins in the Western Urals with three origins. According to various estimates, the length of the river ranges from 1.7 to 1.9 thousand kilometers. By the nature of its flow, it is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower.
Upper, Middle and Lower Pechora
District of the Upper Pechora, length 400kilometers not populated and little studied. In this part of the river has a pronounced mountain character, which is expressed in the rapid flow, winding bed, high rocky banks, the narrow river valley is covered with coniferous vegetation.
The average Pechora is a plot of 1.2 thousandkilometers from the mouth of the Hair to the mouth of Tsilma. Starting from Yashkinsky pier, the river becomes navigable. The width of the Pechora in the middle part ranges from 0.4 to 4 kilometers. At low water on the river, shoals are formed that impede navigation.
The lower part of the river stretches over four hundred kilometers. Right up to the mouth of the Shapkina river, the right bank of the river is sublime, and the left bank is of a lowland character.
Economic use
Pechora is open for 120-170 days,intensively used for shipping service. There are 80 tributaries. The river basin is about 19.5 thousand square kilometers. Fishing is developed in the Pechora; salmon, pike, herring, omul, white salmon and other species are being fished.
Ob
Как уже говорилось, бассейн самого маленького Earth’s oceans occupy 65% or two thirds of the Russian Federation. The rivers belonging to the Arctic Ocean are rather large and full-flowing. But not one of them can compare with Ob. This is the largest Siberian river. She leads among all the water streams of Eurasia. The rivers belonging to the Arctic Ocean, such as Tom and Irtysh, Biya, and Katun give it their waters.
According to some researchers, the name of the rivercomes from the word "both", as it is formed at the confluence of two fairly deep rivers - Biya and Katun. Its length from the merger is 3.65 thousand km, and if you count along with the Irtysh - 5.41 thousand km. This river is considered the longest in Russia. It falls in the north into the Kara Sea, forming the extended Ob Bay (the length of the bay is about 800 kilometers).
Economic value of Ob
The riverbed passes through the territory of five subjects.The Russian Federation, including the Altai Territory, the Tomsk Region, the Novosibirsk Region, the Yamalo-Nenets and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Districts. The river is navigable. A regular steamship service was established on it, starting in 1844. In 1895, 120 ships sailed along the river.
Ob is a real paradise for fishing enthusiasts.Here in large numbers such fish as pike, grayling, burbot, crucian carp, chebak, sturgeon, lamprey, sterlet and many, many others are found. In total there are about fifty species, twenty-five of which are the subject of intensive fishing (pike perch, ide, pike, burbot, dace, bream, crucian carp, roach, perch and others).
Water regime, tributaries
The river is powered mainly by snow; the main runoff occurs at the time of the spring flood. Ob covered with ice shell for 180-220 days a year. The pool is about 2.99 million km2, according to this indicator, the river ranks firstplace in Russia. It takes the third place in terms of water flow, and in front of it are rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, like the Yenisei and Lena.
In the southern part of the Ob is the famousThe Novosibirsk reservoir or, as it is more often called, the Ob Sea, which is a favorite resting place of thousands of tourists and locals. The channel between the Ob and the Yenisei, built at the end of the last century, is currently not used and abandoned.
Ob has 30 large tributaries andmany small ones. The largest of them is the Irtysh, whose length is 4.25 thousand kilometers, which exceeds its own length of the river. This inflow brings an average of three thousand cubic meters of water per second to the Ob.
