Dubrovitsy is a manor. Homestead Golitsynyh. Dubrovitsy (manor) - photo

Manor of Dubrovitsy (Podolsky district of Moscowarea) is located on the picturesque bank of the river. Pahry. The first mention of this historical place is dated 1627. At that time the estate was called the patrimony of Boyar IV. Morozov, thanks to which the boundaries of the land were significantly expanded. After his death, Aksinya Ivanovna, the daughter of Morozov, inherited ancestral lands, she was also the wife of Prince IA. Golitsyna. He was the first of a kind of owner of the estate. About how the estate of the Golitsyns developed in the following years, what changes have taken place in it, we will find out later.

Important stages in the development

At the end of the XVII century.During the lifetime of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn, an associate and educator of Peter the Great, large-scale construction began in the estate. In 1689, the owner of the estate, despite the fact that the early period of Peter's reign was one of the most influential nobles, was disgraced by the tsar. In this regard, Golitsyn was forced to leave the capital and settle in the village. His preference he gave to the suburban Moscow. And first of all it was Dubrovitsy, the mansion Marfin, Bolshye Vyazemy. In 1690, in the first estate, the prince laid an unusually beautiful Orthodox church, which became a true masterpiece of architectural art.

Manor description

Today, after visiting the former landed estates, you canSee the well-preserved ancient buildings on its territory. Among them, the Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1609-1704, the palace itself in 1750, a horse yard, a mound. Also, there were three outbuildings out of four, buildings for economic purposes and a French lime park. The historical complex is located 6 km from the railway station, in the east of the modern village of Dubrovitsy. The farmstead was built near the site where the rivers Pakhra and Desna merge. Later, at a time when the estate was owned by the Morozovs, a house and a wooden church in the name of Elijah the Prophet were built on its territory.

Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary

An important period in the development of the estate began in 1688.when the patrimony passed into the possession of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn (1641-1714). In the summer of 1690, an old wooden church was dismantled on the estate. She was transferred to the neighboring village of Lemeshovo. In place of the former temple, the prince laid a new church of white stone in the Baroque style. A large number of foreign and Russian skilled craftsmen were involved in construction. The architectural decoration of the temple invariably amazes with an abundance of highly artistic, graceful sculptures. What is quite rare in the Russian Orthodox architecture. Thanks to the professional work of the masters and the high quality of the materials used in the work, here you can see the stucco reliefs of evangelical subjects. The four-tier iconostasis and two-tier choirs with openwork carvings are well preserved.

Property restructuring

In the years 1750-1753under the lieutenant Golitsyn, the grandson of Boris Alekseevich, a manor house, four outbuildings, and a horse yard were built on the estate's territory. Household buildings were also built. In 1781, in connection with a large debt, the lieutenant was forced to sell the estate of Dubrovitsy. The estate passed into the possession of Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791). However, he was not the owner of the fiefdom for long. In the summer of 1787, Catherine II visited the village of Dubrovitsy. The manor attracted her so much that the empress wanted to acquire an estate for her new favorite, the aide-aide Alexander Matveyevich Dmitriev-Mamonov (1758-1803). Thus, in December 1788, the estate acquired a new owner in the person of Dmitriev-Mamonov. Soon the count resigned and devoted his time to raising his son Matthew. The family lived in Moscow, then in the village of Dubrovitsy. The estate, the photo of which is presented in the article, underwent significant changes under the new owner. In accordance with the latest trends in manor construction, a major overhaul of the facades and the interior of the main house was carried out. And if earlier the temple occupied a central position, then from the XVIII century. he retreated into the background before the artistic and compositional design of the main building. At that time, at the peak of popularity were the palaces in the style of classicism, leaving behind the baroque.

Since rebuilding the whole house was hardit was decided to replace only the design of the external facade. In the central part of the south side of the building a beautiful six-column portico was equipped. The main entrance of the house was complemented by a wide white-stone staircase with an Empire style railing. The same decorative design received lattices of all loggias in the building. Tall stone pedestals were decorated with two marble lions. Another amazing addition to the main manor house was open white stone terraces with circular staircases. Their porch is located on the front side of the building. A fountain and a bright flower garden appeared at the main entrance to the manor. The main noteworthy house was a semi-rotunda terrace with ten columns in the style of a Corinthian order, located on the side of the Desna River. At the end of the XVIII century. on the estate there was another significant addition - the French lime park. He was defeated in the western part of the fiefdom, so that the palace zone was separated from the complex of outbuildings.

Internal changes

The interior of the palace also underwent significantchanges. The small rooms were combined into a suite of large rooms that lead to the central hall. The latter had an elongated shape, and its total area was approximately 200 square meters. The architects tried to give the hall an oval shape. For this, its floor-to-ceiling walls are painted with a perspective painting of the architectural landscape. There were repeated images of elements, such as loggias, arcades, decor compositions. Pale pink hues of the far perspective smoothly flow into the brown shades with which the columns in the near plane are painted. On them the masters depicted the repeating image of the coats of arms, among which there is a symbol of the Dmitriev-Mamonovs. Over time, the painting began to require restoration. In 1968-1970 she was restored.

The history of the estate during the tenure of Mamonov

After the death of his older master, his son Matvey becameheir to the estate of Dubrovitsy. The manor (how to get to the ancestral lands, it will be described below) passed to him when the boy was only 13 years old, his grandfather was engaged in education - Matvey Vasilyevich. In 1812, with the beginning of the war, the count entered military service. During the battle of Tarutino in the village of Dubrovitsy, a small detachment of Russian troops stopped. Behind them, the French soldiers also visited here. On October 10, 1812, a small detachment of the French cavalry I. Murat left the village of Dubrovitsy, thus robbing and burning neighboring villages. December 21, 1812 Matvey Alexandrovich - the owner of the estate - was awarded the award "For Bravery" in the form of a golden sword. In March 1813 he was appointed to the post of the chief of his regiment and promoted to major general. In 1816, M.A. Dmtriev-Mamonov retired, and from next year he finally settled in the estate Dubrovitsy. During this period of time, a secret organization, founded by Matvey Alexandrovich, - the Order of Russian Knights, begins to emerge. He personally wrote its Charter, which was called "A Short Instruction". The document proposed to abolish slavery in Russia and welcome the "Russian knights" estates, fortresses and land.

The idea of ​​arranging the residence as a fortressseriously occupied the count. Its reflection was the construction around the entire estate Dubrovitsy stone fence with teeth in the medieval style. Due to this, the estate has become a castle. The halo of secrets with which the count has enveloped himself was seriously disturbed by the government. A suitable reason for the arrest of Mamonov was the beating of a valet, in which the count suspected a secret agent. In the summer of 1825, the associated Matvey Alexandrovich was taken to Moscow, where he put up a stormy resistance to the police. The last straw was the refusal of the oath to Emperor Nicholas I. After this, the count was officially declared insane, and guardianship was established over it. In 1848-1850, in the period when MA Mamonov was under arrest, the first restoration of the church in the estate of Dubrovitsy under the supervision of academician of architecture FF was organized. Richter.

Further history of the estate

In 1864The owner was Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn - a native of the old princely family. The new owner was a lot of effort to improve the estate. The wall was partially dismantled, the outbuilding in the northeast was replaced by a house. In 1919, the Museum of Noble Life was opened in the estate. However, it did not last long. In 1927, all the exhibits were transported to Moscow, Tsaritsyno, Serpukhov. And the manor Dubrovitsy (the map where the estate is located, is presented in the article) has adopted an orphanage in its walls. In 1923 an agricultural technical school transferred from the town of Bogoroditsk was located on the estate. In 1961, the All-Russian (and then the All-Union) Research Institute of Animal Husbandry settled on the estate. A large amount of equipment, possibly overloading of electrical networks or oversight, caused a large fire. The manor house burned down at night from June 3 to 4 in 1964.

Restoration

In 1966-1970were active recovery work. It was possible to return the facade to its former decoration, to restore the lobby. The stamp hall, removing several layers of paint, returned the fresco painting. In 1966-1990, the restoration was carried out in the church. The USSR Ministry of Culture planned to use it as a museum of religious architecture. But in the fall of 1990, the temple was returned to the parishioners. A lot of people flock here. You can get to the estate from m. Tsaritsyno or Kursk railway station by train to Podolsk. To get to the village itself, where the estate is located, you should take a minibus or bus 65. By private car you should go along the Simferopol highway to Podolsk. There on the square. Lenin should turn right - on the street. Kirov, then on the October Ave. Then you need to go on signs to the village.

The modern look of the estate

Since the summer of 2003To this day, the territory does not change for the better: the relic park has been mercilessly destroyed; instead of the historical road described in archival documents of 1915, there is a huge pit. A brick wall is being built around the temple. This is the modern look of the estate Dubrovitsy. The manor (how to get to the estate, described above), however, today attracts many tourists.