Socio-economic changes in the GDL led toagrarian reform in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Passed "wage reform" under the leadership of Sigismund II Augustus, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the King of Poland. The number of population in cities increased every year, thus the demand for agricultural products grew. At the same time, the price and consumption of bread in Western Europe increased.
Феодалы получали выгодные предложения для the supply of grain abroad. In order to increase the production of products on their lands, the feudal lords gave the land to the peasants, and such a piece of land was called the "farm". This was done for the convenience of the feudal lords. All that was grown in the farm, later sold abroad or residents of the city.
The meaning of words in dictionaries
Farms-farms began to appear in the XVcentury. Peasants had the opportunity to work on these lands corvee and give a quitrent, planting a farm. The meaning of the word can be found in historical and literary dictionaries, but the most striking and correct are the following.
- The farmyard is a farm of the landowner, a small estate (in the regions of Poland, Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania). The definition is taken from the "Dictionary of Foreign Words".
- In Ushakov's dictionary "farm" is a small manor.
- In Wikipedia you can also find a definition. The folwark (Polish folwark from the dialecticism of the German Vorwerk) is a manor house, a farmstead, a separate settlement, which is managed by one owner, the landowner's household.
History of origin
In 1557, a well-known document was adopted -"Statute on the Draft", which aims to ensure that the treasury would receive more money from agriculture. In this document, a farm is a form of farming, where peasants worked off duties. The beginning of the changes in the agricultural business was Queen Bona Sforza. She also began to change the management of cases in Pinsk and Kobrinskoe villages. In these areas everything went on at the highest level, and the land was divided into farms in many other places, except for the east of Belarus.
Peasants and farmers
As already noted, the farm is possessionfeudal lords. The peasants were not the owners of the land, they only cultivated it and reaped the harvest. But the nobility and magnates formalized the right to use the land. The peasants had to bow to the magnates in order to get land, and then almost the entire harvest to them and give. There were peasants and siege. Injured simply practiced serfdom, and the siege also paid a monetary tax.
