A hollow about which you can read in this articlevery curious and peculiar in connection with certain of its natural features. The conditions of these places are rather complicated, but curious. Here we will briefly describe the unusual, unique locality where the Kumo-Manych depression is located. What natural characteristics and features it has can be found below.
This trough is geographically borderbetween the Caucasus and the Russian Plain. Surprisingly, in this place in ancient times (in anthropogenic) there was a strait connecting the basins of the Caspian and Black Seas.
Kumo-Manych depression: photos, description
Represents a tectonic depressionlowering the gutter shape that separates Ciscaucasia from the steppe and semi-desert territories of the southern section of the East European Plain and unites two vast lowlands - the Caspian and Kuban-Priazovskaya.
Its width is about 20-30 kilometers, but in the central part it is narrowed to 1-2 kilometers.
Today there is a certain extensivesystem of reservoirs and lakes: the largest saline lake. Manych-Gudilo and several other smaller ones; reservoir Veselovskoe, having runoff p. Manych in the lower reaches of the river Don. Just to the east, a large canal was created with the name Kumo-Manychsky. And on the easternmost edge of the depression - the lower reaches of the river Kuma.
Name
The origin of the name of the plain (Kumo-Manych depression) is quite simple. It comes from the names of the largest rivers flowing through the territory of the area - Kuma and Manych.
Terrain relief
The trench has a tectonic origin in the trough inherited from the basement fault zone. The history of its development is traced within 250 million years.
The terrain is almost flat.
Kumo-Manych depression has the greatest height inits central part. This is the territory from the village of Marvelous stretches to the village. Zunda Tolga. Interestingly, even this level is only a little over 20 meters above sea level.
Natural conditions of the area
The region has a temperate continental climate.and the annual precipitation here reaches about 650 mm. In the warm season, there is a relatively high air temperature and a large amount of evaporation. Moreover, the temperature increases from west to east, and the amount of precipitation, on the contrary, decreases in the same direction.
Почвы здесь большей частью черноземные и chestnut. Forest-steppe vegetation occupies a small part of the territory, while the rest, more extensive, is semi-desert and steppe. Ground depressions plowed in different places from 60 to 90% of the total area.
Problems and Solutions
The Kumo-Manych Depression is special becausewith extensive plowing of its territories, large deforestation and intensive grazing of livestock, there were quite strong changes in terms of reducing the quantity and water content of small rivers.
Over the past 100 years, the total length of such rivers has decreased by more than 50%.
More specifically - what happened?35 rivers have disappeared, having a length of up to 3 km. They were destroyed due to man-made impact and economic activities of people. Most of the remaining rivers began to have less water than before, and many of them have permanent surface runoff now only in spring.
In order to ensure full flow and forDesalination into the Manych River through freshwater channels created by people is transferred from the Kuban and Don rivers. Most of the canals in these places were created to irrigate arid steppe areas and to enable navigation on the r. West Manych.
Today, much attention is paid to the problems of the soil state of these places. Conducted research in this direction.
This is the environmental feature of the modern Kumo-Manych depression.
Interesting Facts
1. This trough is a kind of the most recognized conditional border dividing Europe and Asia.
2. On the territories of the described depression and spurs of the Salo-Manychskaya ridge there is a large state Rostov natural reserve (biosphere).
There are 78 species of protected plants growing here:including 12 of them are listed in the Russian Red Book, 77 species are protected at the regional level. Out of all this number of species, 64 are included in the Red Book of Kalmykia, 23 in the Rostov region, 16 in Stavropol, and 1 in Dagestan.
The Kumo-Manych depression is interesting and unique.Due to the fact that earlier the connection through the Manychsky Strait between the seas (the Caspian and the Black) was either restored or stopped again, the modern relief of the existing water bodies of these places is very complex. There are many swamps, islands and channels, estuaries, which form a large, but rather complex and ancient aquatic natural system in the southern European part of Russia.
An interesting area to study the natural features of these unique places in order to create conditions for improving the ecological situation.
