We hear the word many times during the day."government", but never think about its meaning. In the view of the average man in the street, the country's leadership consists of people who decide something there for everyone. The majority of the population cannot even name more than 2-3 ministries, and the name of the minister is generally knowledge on the verge of science fiction. Let us try to understand what a government is, when it appeared, why it is needed at all and what is this management body in our country.
Government definition
The state should have a number of necessarysigns, without which it can not be considered as such. One of them is the presence in the country of a centralized governing body. The governments in one form or another appeared before our era, and one of the first arguments about what a government and the state structure belong to is still the ancient philosophers.
If taken into account in the definition ofgovernments of all its forms, it is possible to come to the following statement. The government is one of the main government bodies that regulates the work of all public institutions, is responsible for maintaining lawful order within the country, the welfare of citizens and protection from external threats, using all available financial, administrative and military resources of the society. In essence, the state government is nothing more than an executive branch.
What are the governments
In different states, the executive branch is formed in different ways:
On a party basis. If there is a party system in the country anddominated by one of the parties, the government there will be one-party. If there are several party organizations in power, then such a government is a multiparty one.
Non-party governments. Exist in countries with no partysystems in general. It can be absolute monarchies and dictatorial regimes (for example, fascist). Under the dictatorship, the formal party system may exist, but this is nothing more than a sign that does not solve anything. All power is concentrated in the hands of one person and a particularly close group of people.
Majority and minority governments. Действуют в странах, где их члены назначаются или are elected. If the prime minister and cabinet ministers are supported by a larger number of parliamentary parties, then this is a majority government, if a smaller number of parties are minorities.
Transitional governments. Most often they are appointed in crisis situations and can be formed according to various principles.
Ways to form a government
There are two main ways to form a cabinet:
Parliamentary. With this method, the prime minister is electedby parliament. Often, he must submit for approval by parliamentarians and the composition of the future cabinet. Parliament may pass a vote of no confidence in the government, after which the question of the resignation of the cabinet of ministers arises.
Unparliamentary. Most often with this method of forming a solutionon the composition of the cabinet makes the president. The head of state also nominates the prime minister. In this case, the president can make changes to the government independently, without the approval of the prime minister. But in order to appoint the prime minister himself, the leader of a country often has to enlist the support of members of parliament.
Parliamentary formation is characteristic ofparliamentary republics and monarchies, where the prime minister is the main person in the state. Presidential republics (Russian Federation) prefer the non-parliamentary way of appointing a cabinet of ministers.
What is the government
In any form of government cabinet is present.ministers. Not a single monarch in the past could rule completely alone. In fact, the so-called circle of approximate mutated over time in the ministry. The government as such is a purely executive body. The president (under the presidential form of government) or (in some cases) the dictator are also part of the government of the country. But they work more like generators of ideas and higher authority. For the observance of orders and the maintenance of order in the country, the Cabinet of Ministers is still responsible, therefore, when answering the question of what a government is, we will keep it in mind.
The cabinet is usually headed by the prime minister.or the Chancellor, under him are the ministers directly responsible for their areas of work. Ministers may have deputies, there is usually a deputy prime minister (prime minister). Often, under the government or the president, there is a narrow circle of top state officials who make critical decisions. Anyone can become a minister. Sometimes you need high professionalism in your industry, sometimes some connections, and often both.
What is the government of the Russian Federation
The government in Russia, by law, possesses allfull executive authority together with the President and the Federation Council. However, the government itself is appointed by the head of state, he can also dissolve the cabinet of ministers. In carrying out its activities, the leadership of the Russian Federation is obliged to strictly adhere to the Constitution. The rest of the cabinet has full executive authority in the country and every government order must be strictly implemented.
The Russian government includes:20 ministries headed by federal ministers; 20 different federal services; 39 services that are divisions of federal ministries. The president, by his decrees, can create services and departments or abolish them. The main figure is the chairman of the government. He may, as necessary, replace the president. The prime minister has deputies, they are appointed by the head of state (there are 7 of them now), and they are responsible for key areas of the country's development. Next come the ministers and their deputies.
When the government there is a PresidiumGovernment of the Russian Federation. This includes key figures, including the prime minister, deputies, the chairman of the Central Bank, the minister of defense, and others. Collegiums were formed at ministries to resolve various issues. It is also possible for the Commission on operational issues to make decisions binding on federal authorities.
As you can see, the structure of the executiveRF is quite complicated. At the same time, a huge auxiliary apparatus is not directly included in the government. In addition, we should not forget about regional governments, each of which has its own ministries.
