Stanislav Shushkevich (December 15, 1934) is a Belarusian scientist and politician. From 1991 to 1994 he was the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus. Best known as the representative of Belarus, who signed the Belovezhskaya Agreement on the establishment of the CIS.
Origin and years of study
Где начал свой жизненный путь Шушкевич Станислав Stanislavovich? His biography began in Minsk in the Polish-Belarusian family. His mother, Gelena Razumovsk, was a translator and writer who published in Polish print media published in the 1920s and 1930s in Belarus; his father was a Belarusian poet and writer. Three years after the birth of his son, he was repressed, was serving a sentence in the mines of Kuzbass, was released only in 1946. Returning to his homeland, he began teaching at a rural school. But according to the vile practice of Stalin jailers, he was again arrested in 1949 and exiled to Krasnoyarsk Territory. He finally returned to Belarus only in 1956.
An amazing thing, but the stigma of the "son of the enemy of the people"which spoiled (and even broke) the life of many of his peers Stanislav Shushkevich, apparently, had no effect on his fate. In 1951 he graduated from school, in the same year he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of the prestigious Belarusian State University (BSU), in the year of his father’s release finishes him, and immediately becomes a graduate student of the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR.
Early career in the Soviet period
Having spent a short time working as a “mane” in his native institute,Stanislav Shushkevich retires to the position of senior engineer of the Special Design Bureau of Minsk Radio Plant. At that time, the plant was engaged in the development and manufacture of instruments for physical research. An interesting episode is associated with this period, which Stanislav Shushkevich himself recalls with pleasure. The biography brought him briefly, not with anyone, but with the future official killer of US President Kennedy Lee Harvey Oswald.
The fact is that in 1959 he came to the USSRtourist visa and declared his desire to stay in the USSR. After refusal, he pointedly tried to commit suicide. He was met and identified by Minsk as a place of residence, and was sent to work at a radio factory. Shushkevich, who knew English well, was assigned to study Russian with an American. According to his memoirs, Oswald did not make any noticeable impression, looked sluggish and indifferent, and the mechanic was mediocre. However, this did not prevent him from acquiring a young wife in Minsk, with whom he soon returned to the States.
Scientific career in the USSR
In 1961, Stanislav Shushkevich returns toThe Belarusian State University, where in six years it has traveled from a senior engineer to the sector of a scientific laboratory. In 1967, he was appointed vice-rector for scientific work at the Minsk Radio Engineering Institute. According to the memoirs of Shushkevich himself, at the time of the new appointment he was non-partisan. This circumstance made it very difficult for him to work in a new place, since all the important decisions at the institute were taken on the party committee without his participation. Turning to the city party committee, Shushkevich demanded that a solution be found to the problem. As a result, he was immediately accepted into the Communist Party, which allowed him to continue working without problems.
Since 1967, for two years he has been working at the institute as a pro-rector for science.
In 1969, Stanislav Shushkevich returned to the State University, where for 7 years he became a professor and head of the department of nuclear physics. Since 1986, he has been working as pro-rector of the State University for Science.
Begin political career
Перед ее началом Шушкевич Станислав Станиславович He was a well-known Belarusian scientist, a member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, the author of several monographs, more than 150 articles and 50 inventions, had various state awards.
In 1990, he was elected first deputy.Chairman of the Supreme Council of Belarus. After the attempted coup in the USSR in August 1991, he demanded the convocation of an extraordinary session of parliament, but was refused by its Chairman, Nikolai Dementey.
After the victory of Boris Yeltsin over the coup 26August was elected and. about. Chairman of the Parliament, and on August 31 became its chairman. During his time in this position, he supported reforms in the direction of a free market economy.
Bialowieza Agreement
According to the memoirs of Shushkevich, he called BorisYeltsin to the former recreation center of the Central Committee of the CPSU in Belovezhskaya Pushcha in December 1991, not with the goal of destroying the USSR, but in an attempt to establish a mechanism for future economic relations between Belarus and Russia without the participation of allied bodies that Shushkevich thought in the future as purely decorative loose confederation. The idea to invite Leonid Kravchuk there too arose after the approval of Yeltsin’s visit.
This is how three leaders gathered in the Forest.Slavic republics inhabited by fraternal peoples with a common root. According to Shushkevich, it was possible to reach agreement on the establishment of economic ties between the three republics, but the question arose whether to ask the President of the USSR Gorbachev for approval. All three really did not want to do this, but no one decided to openly propose to abandon the union treaty. In the role of the oracle, uttered the fateful for all of us phrase about the recognition of the USSR ceased to exist, approached Yeltsin Gennady Burbulis. Shushkevich recalls that at that moment he “wildly envied Burbulis.”
December 8, Stanislav Shushkevich signed along withBoris Yeltsin and Leonid Kravchuk document, according to which the Soviet Union ceased to exist and was transformed into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
End of career
Further political career of our herovery similar to the way of Leonid Kravchuk. An attempt to carry out radical market reforms, the monstrous inflation they initiated, the devaluation of the savings of the Belarusians — all this set up healthy, non-comprador political forces against him, which in 1994 forced Shushkevich to resign. He also tried to register in history as the first President of Belarus (Stanislav Shushkevich) by taking part in the presidential election, but gained only 10% of the vote. The prudent Belarusians elected President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, under whose leadership the country has had a growing GDP since 1995 (the only one from all the post-Soviet countries).
Since then, more than 20 years, Stanislav Shushkevichis in opposition to the Belarusian authorities. He occupies extremely nationalistic and at the same time pro-Western positions, asserts that since the end of the 18th century Belarus was a colony of Russia, and compares the current order in his country with the “Third Reich”.
