In every society, at all historical stagesdevelopment, faced and sought to compromise the ideals and values of different people. The concepts of "fair" and "unfair," "dignified" and "embarrassing," in the end, at the state level, were reflected in terms "lawfully" and "unlawfully."
Proceeding from this, it is possible to isolate two relativelyautonomous, but at the same time interconnected concepts - "legal awareness" and "legal culture". At first glance, culture has an advantage over legal awareness, largely determines and determines it. But often we see cases of feedback. It is clear that different people have different values and attitudes towards social reality. Some deliberately accept and fulfill the requirements of legal norms, and some allow (intentionally or not) deviation from the generally accepted rules of conduct. However, even these offenders have a clear awareness that they are acting illegally, and that their actions in the eyes of society are reprehensible.
So, we can talk about the presence in societylegal culture. It develops together with society, forming value orientations, ideals of justice and influencing the behavior of the majority of its members. For example, in the slave-owning society there was no value of the slave’s personality, it was treated as a thing and a commodity, but in later societies the norm of people's freedom was accepted, and now when we hear about slavery, we unconditionally condemn, although in Ancient Greece the norm. There are many more examples of how legal culture has changed with the development of human civilization. The concept and structure of it also underwent changes.
Кодекс правовых ценностей, идеалов и behavioral norms were sometimes formed spontaneously, but often it was influenced by the ruling classes, religious authorities and even charismatic personalities. They in one degree or another attracted other members of society, forcing them to voluntarily or forcedly follow these new norms. Thus, the structure of legal culture can be described as follows. First of all, it is a psychological legal culture (for example, it is not good and embarrassing to steal). Then comes the behavioral (I will not steal) and, finally, the ideological paradigm (theft is a crime).
Ideological component of legal cultureis reflected in customs, habits, laws. And already written or unwritten law forms the legal conscience - the form of public consciousness that reflects the law and its application. Thus, legal consciousness and legal culture are in constant relationship. Legal awareness through education, education, through well-defined laws and regulations affect culture. But legislative bodies also consist of people - carriers of certain legal values.
A bunch of "legal consciousness and legal culture"organic and inseparable. They influence each other, and are caused by each other. It can be said that the first concept is more orderly, because it reflects both the law in force and its history, its best achievements, as well as positive examples from other states. These are systematized ideas and ideas about legality - real or desired. Legal culture is wider than legal consciousness, and has a large emotional and behavioral component.
And legal awareness, and legal culturesubdivided into individual, social group and social. An individual can have values, behavioral attitudes and sense of justice, absolutely not coinciding with the generally accepted. There are social groups in which a completely different attitude to laws and their perception is formed (not “earn and buy”, but “steal and drink”), but in general, society marginalizes such individuals and social groups.
However, there are examples when the legal culturesocieties simply did not grow to laws borrowed from the best law enforcement practices of other countries. For example, the law on humane treatment of animals, adopted from political motives (for the sake of joining the European Union), in a society where it is not customary to treat our younger brothers as a subject of law, will be met with complete disregard and acts contrary to the law.
